Noninvasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis: Current and Future Clinical and Molecular Perspectives
Liver fibrosis is one of the risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. The staging of liver fibrosis can be evaluated only via a liver biopsy, which is an invasive procedure. Noninvasive methods for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis can be divided into morphological tests such as el...
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/14/4906 |
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| author | Ryota Masuzaki Tatsuo Kanda Reina Sasaki Naoki Matsumoto Masahiro Ogawa Shunichi Matsuoka Seth J. Karp Mitsuhiko Moriyama |
| author_facet | Ryota Masuzaki Tatsuo Kanda Reina Sasaki Naoki Matsumoto Masahiro Ogawa Shunichi Matsuoka Seth J. Karp Mitsuhiko Moriyama |
| author_sort | Ryota Masuzaki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Liver fibrosis is one of the risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. The staging of liver fibrosis can be evaluated only via a liver biopsy, which is an invasive procedure. Noninvasive methods for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis can be divided into morphological tests such as elastography and serum biochemical tests. Transient elastography is reported to have excellent performance in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis and has been accepted as a useful tool for the prediction of HCC development and other clinical outcomes. Two-dimensional shear wave elastography is a new technique and provides a real-time stiffness image. Serum fibrosis markers have been studied based on the mechanism of fibrogenesis and fibrolysis. In the healthy liver, homeostasis of the extracellular matrix is maintained directly by enzymes called matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their specific inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). MMPs and TIMPs could be useful serum biomarkers for liver fibrosis and promising candidates for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Further studies are required to establish liver fibrosis-specific markers based on further clinical and molecular research. In this review, we summarize noninvasive fibrosis tests and molecular mechanism of liver fibrosis in current daily clinical practice. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:32:42Z |
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| id | doaj.art-7c7e594da42146419b51c7b99e601e90 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:32:42Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-7c7e594da42146419b51c7b99e601e902023-11-20T06:31:17ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-07-012114490610.3390/ijms21144906Noninvasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis: Current and Future Clinical and Molecular PerspectivesRyota Masuzaki0Tatsuo Kanda1Reina Sasaki2Naoki Matsumoto3Masahiro Ogawa4Shunichi Matsuoka5Seth J. Karp6Mitsuhiko Moriyama7Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-8610, JapanDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-8610, JapanDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-8610, JapanDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-8610, JapanDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-8610, JapanDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-8610, JapanDivision of Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USADivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-8610, JapanLiver fibrosis is one of the risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. The staging of liver fibrosis can be evaluated only via a liver biopsy, which is an invasive procedure. Noninvasive methods for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis can be divided into morphological tests such as elastography and serum biochemical tests. Transient elastography is reported to have excellent performance in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis and has been accepted as a useful tool for the prediction of HCC development and other clinical outcomes. Two-dimensional shear wave elastography is a new technique and provides a real-time stiffness image. Serum fibrosis markers have been studied based on the mechanism of fibrogenesis and fibrolysis. In the healthy liver, homeostasis of the extracellular matrix is maintained directly by enzymes called matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their specific inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). MMPs and TIMPs could be useful serum biomarkers for liver fibrosis and promising candidates for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Further studies are required to establish liver fibrosis-specific markers based on further clinical and molecular research. In this review, we summarize noninvasive fibrosis tests and molecular mechanism of liver fibrosis in current daily clinical practice.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/14/4906hepatocellular carcinomarisk factorliver fibrosiselastographyserum markerextracellular matrix |
| spellingShingle | Ryota Masuzaki Tatsuo Kanda Reina Sasaki Naoki Matsumoto Masahiro Ogawa Shunichi Matsuoka Seth J. Karp Mitsuhiko Moriyama Noninvasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis: Current and Future Clinical and Molecular Perspectives International Journal of Molecular Sciences hepatocellular carcinoma risk factor liver fibrosis elastography serum marker extracellular matrix |
| title | Noninvasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis: Current and Future Clinical and Molecular Perspectives |
| title_full | Noninvasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis: Current and Future Clinical and Molecular Perspectives |
| title_fullStr | Noninvasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis: Current and Future Clinical and Molecular Perspectives |
| title_full_unstemmed | Noninvasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis: Current and Future Clinical and Molecular Perspectives |
| title_short | Noninvasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis: Current and Future Clinical and Molecular Perspectives |
| title_sort | noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis current and future clinical and molecular perspectives |
| topic | hepatocellular carcinoma risk factor liver fibrosis elastography serum marker extracellular matrix |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/14/4906 |
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