LAO-3D: A Symmetric Lightweight Block Cipher Based on 3D Permutation for Mobile Encryption Application
Data transmissions between smartphone users require security solutions to protect communications. Hence, encryption is an important tool that must be associated with smartphones to keep the user’s data safe. One proven solution to enhance the security of encryption algorithms is by using 3D designs...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Symmetry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/10/2042 |
| _version_ | 1797469850230063104 |
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| author | Abdul Alif Zakaria Azni Haslizan Ab Halim Farida Ridzuan Nur Hafiza Zakaria Maslina Daud |
| author_facet | Abdul Alif Zakaria Azni Haslizan Ab Halim Farida Ridzuan Nur Hafiza Zakaria Maslina Daud |
| author_sort | Abdul Alif Zakaria |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Data transmissions between smartphone users require security solutions to protect communications. Hence, encryption is an important tool that must be associated with smartphones to keep the user’s data safe. One proven solution to enhance the security of encryption algorithms is by using 3D designs on symmetric block ciphers. Although a 3D cipher design could improve the algorithms, the existing methods enlarge the block sizes that will also expand the key sizes and encryption rounds, thus decreasing their efficiency. Therefore, we propose the LAO-3D block cipher using a 3D permutation that offers security by providing confusion and diffusion characteristics. Five security analyses were conducted to assess the strengths of LAO-3D. The findings suggest that LAO-3D achieves better results compared to other existing lightweight block ciphers, with 98.2% non-linearity, 50% bit error rates for both plaintext and key modifications, surpasses 100% of the randomness test, and is immune to differential and linear cryptanalysis attacks. Moreover, the block cipher obtains competitive performance results in software applications. From the security analyses and performance tests, it is proven that LAO-3D can provide sufficient security at low costs in mobile encryption applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:26:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7c802118bd3548c09ab10ada70c3a4b0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-8994 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:26:53Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Symmetry |
| spelling | doaj.art-7c802118bd3548c09ab10ada70c3a4b02023-11-24T02:51:15ZengMDPI AGSymmetry2073-89942022-09-011410204210.3390/sym14102042LAO-3D: A Symmetric Lightweight Block Cipher Based on 3D Permutation for Mobile Encryption ApplicationAbdul Alif Zakaria0Azni Haslizan Ab Halim1Farida Ridzuan2Nur Hafiza Zakaria3Maslina Daud4Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, MalaysiaFaculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, MalaysiaFaculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, MalaysiaFaculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, MalaysiaCyberSecurity Malaysia, Menara Cyber Axis, Cyberjaya 63000, MalaysiaData transmissions between smartphone users require security solutions to protect communications. Hence, encryption is an important tool that must be associated with smartphones to keep the user’s data safe. One proven solution to enhance the security of encryption algorithms is by using 3D designs on symmetric block ciphers. Although a 3D cipher design could improve the algorithms, the existing methods enlarge the block sizes that will also expand the key sizes and encryption rounds, thus decreasing their efficiency. Therefore, we propose the LAO-3D block cipher using a 3D permutation that offers security by providing confusion and diffusion characteristics. Five security analyses were conducted to assess the strengths of LAO-3D. The findings suggest that LAO-3D achieves better results compared to other existing lightweight block ciphers, with 98.2% non-linearity, 50% bit error rates for both plaintext and key modifications, surpasses 100% of the randomness test, and is immune to differential and linear cryptanalysis attacks. Moreover, the block cipher obtains competitive performance results in software applications. From the security analyses and performance tests, it is proven that LAO-3D can provide sufficient security at low costs in mobile encryption applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/10/20423D permutationblock ciphercryptanalysisInternet of Thingslightweight cryptographymobile application |
| spellingShingle | Abdul Alif Zakaria Azni Haslizan Ab Halim Farida Ridzuan Nur Hafiza Zakaria Maslina Daud LAO-3D: A Symmetric Lightweight Block Cipher Based on 3D Permutation for Mobile Encryption Application Symmetry 3D permutation block cipher cryptanalysis Internet of Things lightweight cryptography mobile application |
| title | LAO-3D: A Symmetric Lightweight Block Cipher Based on 3D Permutation for Mobile Encryption Application |
| title_full | LAO-3D: A Symmetric Lightweight Block Cipher Based on 3D Permutation for Mobile Encryption Application |
| title_fullStr | LAO-3D: A Symmetric Lightweight Block Cipher Based on 3D Permutation for Mobile Encryption Application |
| title_full_unstemmed | LAO-3D: A Symmetric Lightweight Block Cipher Based on 3D Permutation for Mobile Encryption Application |
| title_short | LAO-3D: A Symmetric Lightweight Block Cipher Based on 3D Permutation for Mobile Encryption Application |
| title_sort | lao 3d a symmetric lightweight block cipher based on 3d permutation for mobile encryption application |
| topic | 3D permutation block cipher cryptanalysis Internet of Things lightweight cryptography mobile application |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/10/2042 |
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