Functional Impacts of Epitranscriptomic m<sup>6</sup>A Modification on HIV-1 Infection
Epitranscriptomic RNA modifications play a crucial role in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. <i>N</i><sup>6</sup>-methyladenosine (m<sup>6</sup>A) is the most prevalent internal modification of eukaryotic RNA and plays a pivotal role in RNA fa...
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/1/127 |
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| author | Stacia Phillips Tarun Mishra Siyu Huang Li Wu |
| author_facet | Stacia Phillips Tarun Mishra Siyu Huang Li Wu |
| author_sort | Stacia Phillips |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Epitranscriptomic RNA modifications play a crucial role in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. <i>N</i><sup>6</sup>-methyladenosine (m<sup>6</sup>A) is the most prevalent internal modification of eukaryotic RNA and plays a pivotal role in RNA fate. RNA m<sup>6</sup>A modification is regulated by a group of cellular proteins, methyltransferases (writers) and demethylases (erasers), which add and remove the methyl group from adenosine, respectively. m<sup>6</sup>A modification is recognized by a group of cellular RNA-binding proteins (readers) that specifically bind to m<sup>6</sup>A-modified RNA, mediating effects on RNA stability, splicing, transport, and translation. The functional significance of m<sup>6</sup>A modification of viral and cellular RNA is an active area of virology research. In this review, we summarize and analyze the current literature on m<sup>6</sup>A modification of HIV-1 RNA, the multifaceted functions of m<sup>6</sup>A in regulating HIV-1 replication, and the role of viral RNA m<sup>6</sup>A modification in evading innate immune responses to infection. Furthermore, we briefly discuss the future directions and therapeutic implications of mechanistic studies of HIV-1 epitranscriptomic modifications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:32:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7c83e379e032470db9ebc815173a371c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:32:31Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-7c83e379e032470db9ebc815173a371c2024-01-26T18:48:25ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152024-01-0116112710.3390/v16010127Functional Impacts of Epitranscriptomic m<sup>6</sup>A Modification on HIV-1 InfectionStacia Phillips0Tarun Mishra1Siyu Huang2Li Wu3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USADepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USADepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USADepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USAEpitranscriptomic RNA modifications play a crucial role in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. <i>N</i><sup>6</sup>-methyladenosine (m<sup>6</sup>A) is the most prevalent internal modification of eukaryotic RNA and plays a pivotal role in RNA fate. RNA m<sup>6</sup>A modification is regulated by a group of cellular proteins, methyltransferases (writers) and demethylases (erasers), which add and remove the methyl group from adenosine, respectively. m<sup>6</sup>A modification is recognized by a group of cellular RNA-binding proteins (readers) that specifically bind to m<sup>6</sup>A-modified RNA, mediating effects on RNA stability, splicing, transport, and translation. The functional significance of m<sup>6</sup>A modification of viral and cellular RNA is an active area of virology research. In this review, we summarize and analyze the current literature on m<sup>6</sup>A modification of HIV-1 RNA, the multifaceted functions of m<sup>6</sup>A in regulating HIV-1 replication, and the role of viral RNA m<sup>6</sup>A modification in evading innate immune responses to infection. Furthermore, we briefly discuss the future directions and therapeutic implications of mechanistic studies of HIV-1 epitranscriptomic modifications.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/1/127epitranscriptomic RNA modification<i>N</i><sup>6</sup>-methyladenosineHIV-1virus–host interactionsinnate immunity |
| spellingShingle | Stacia Phillips Tarun Mishra Siyu Huang Li Wu Functional Impacts of Epitranscriptomic m<sup>6</sup>A Modification on HIV-1 Infection Viruses epitranscriptomic RNA modification <i>N</i><sup>6</sup>-methyladenosine HIV-1 virus–host interactions innate immunity |
| title | Functional Impacts of Epitranscriptomic m<sup>6</sup>A Modification on HIV-1 Infection |
| title_full | Functional Impacts of Epitranscriptomic m<sup>6</sup>A Modification on HIV-1 Infection |
| title_fullStr | Functional Impacts of Epitranscriptomic m<sup>6</sup>A Modification on HIV-1 Infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Functional Impacts of Epitranscriptomic m<sup>6</sup>A Modification on HIV-1 Infection |
| title_short | Functional Impacts of Epitranscriptomic m<sup>6</sup>A Modification on HIV-1 Infection |
| title_sort | functional impacts of epitranscriptomic m sup 6 sup a modification on hiv 1 infection |
| topic | epitranscriptomic RNA modification <i>N</i><sup>6</sup>-methyladenosine HIV-1 virus–host interactions innate immunity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/1/127 |
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