Epidemiology of Trypanosoma evansi and Trypanosoma vivax in domestic animals from selected districts of Tigray and Afar regions, Northern Ethiopia
Abstract Background African animal trypanosomosis, transmitted cyclically by tsetse flies or mechanically by other biting flies, causes serious inflictions to livestock health. This study investigates the extent of non-tsetse transmitted animal trypanosomosis (NTTAT) by Trypanosoma (T.) evansi and T...
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BMC
2015-04-01
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| Series: | Parasites & Vectors |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-015-0818-1 |
| _version_ | 1797811823942041600 |
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| author | Hadush Birhanu Regassa Fikru Mussa Said Weldu Kidane Tadesse Gebrehiwot Ashenafi Hagos Tola Alemu Tesfaye Dawit Dirk Berkvens Bruno Maria Goddeeris Philippe Büscher |
| author_facet | Hadush Birhanu Regassa Fikru Mussa Said Weldu Kidane Tadesse Gebrehiwot Ashenafi Hagos Tola Alemu Tesfaye Dawit Dirk Berkvens Bruno Maria Goddeeris Philippe Büscher |
| author_sort | Hadush Birhanu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background African animal trypanosomosis, transmitted cyclically by tsetse flies or mechanically by other biting flies, causes serious inflictions to livestock health. This study investigates the extent of non-tsetse transmitted animal trypanosomosis (NTTAT) by Trypanosoma (T.) evansi and T. vivax in domestic animals in the tsetse-free regions of Northern Ethiopia, Afar and Tigray. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted on 754 dromedary camels, 493 cattle, 264 goats, 181 sheep, 84 donkeys, 25 horses and 10 mules. The microhaematocrit centrifugation technique was used as parasitological test. Plasma was collected for serodiagnosis with CATT/T.evansi and RoTat 1.2 immune trypanolysis (ITL) while buffy coat specimens were collected for molecular diagnosis with T. evansi type A specific RoTat 1.2 PCR, T. evansi type B specific EVAB PCR and T. vivax specific TvPRAC PCR. Results The parasitological prevalence was 4.7% in Tigray and 2.7% in Afar and significantly higher (z = 2.53, p = 0.011) in cattle (7.3%) than in the other hosts. Seroprevalence in CATT/T.evansi was 24.6% in Tigray and 13.9% in Afar and was significantly higher (z = 9.39, p < 0.001) in cattle (37.3%) than in the other hosts. On the other hand, seroprevalence assessed by ITL was only 1.9% suggesting cross reaction of CATT/T.evansi with T. vivax or other trypanosome infections. Molecular prevalence of T. evansi type A was 8.0% in Tigray and in Afar and varied from 28.0% in horses to 2.2% in sheep. It was also significantly higher (p < 0.001) in camel (11.7%) than in cattle (6.1%), donkey (6%), goat (3.8%), and sheep (2.2%). Four camels were positive for T. evansi type B. Molecular prevalence of T. vivax was 3.0% and was similar in Tigray and Afar. It didn’t differ significantly among the host species except that it was not detected in horses and mules. Conclusions NTTAT caused by T. vivax and T. evansi, is an important threat to animal health in Tigray and Afar. For the first time, we confirm the presence of T. evansi type B in Ethiopian camels. Unexplained results obtained with the current diagnostic tests in bovines warrant particular efforts to isolate and characterise trypanosome strains that circulate in Northern Ethiopia. |
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| language | English |
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| series | Parasites & Vectors |
| spelling | doaj.art-7c8de8f2ef3e4de8a0cbd6d26c21cb612023-06-04T11:14:03ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052015-04-018111110.1186/s13071-015-0818-1Epidemiology of Trypanosoma evansi and Trypanosoma vivax in domestic animals from selected districts of Tigray and Afar regions, Northern EthiopiaHadush Birhanu0Regassa Fikru1Mussa Said2Weldu Kidane3Tadesse Gebrehiwot4Ashenafi Hagos5Tola Alemu6Tesfaye Dawit7Dirk Berkvens8Bruno Maria Goddeeris9Philippe Büscher10College of Veterinary Medicine, Mekelle UniversityDepartment of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringDepartment of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekelle UniversityCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Mekelle UniversityCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Mekelle UniversityCollege of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa UniversityCollege of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa UniversitySchool of Veterinary Medicine, Hawassa UniversityDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical MedicineDepartment of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical MedicineAbstract Background African animal trypanosomosis, transmitted cyclically by tsetse flies or mechanically by other biting flies, causes serious inflictions to livestock health. This study investigates the extent of non-tsetse transmitted animal trypanosomosis (NTTAT) by Trypanosoma (T.) evansi and T. vivax in domestic animals in the tsetse-free regions of Northern Ethiopia, Afar and Tigray. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted on 754 dromedary camels, 493 cattle, 264 goats, 181 sheep, 84 donkeys, 25 horses and 10 mules. The microhaematocrit centrifugation technique was used as parasitological test. Plasma was collected for serodiagnosis with CATT/T.evansi and RoTat 1.2 immune trypanolysis (ITL) while buffy coat specimens were collected for molecular diagnosis with T. evansi type A specific RoTat 1.2 PCR, T. evansi type B specific EVAB PCR and T. vivax specific TvPRAC PCR. Results The parasitological prevalence was 4.7% in Tigray and 2.7% in Afar and significantly higher (z = 2.53, p = 0.011) in cattle (7.3%) than in the other hosts. Seroprevalence in CATT/T.evansi was 24.6% in Tigray and 13.9% in Afar and was significantly higher (z = 9.39, p < 0.001) in cattle (37.3%) than in the other hosts. On the other hand, seroprevalence assessed by ITL was only 1.9% suggesting cross reaction of CATT/T.evansi with T. vivax or other trypanosome infections. Molecular prevalence of T. evansi type A was 8.0% in Tigray and in Afar and varied from 28.0% in horses to 2.2% in sheep. It was also significantly higher (p < 0.001) in camel (11.7%) than in cattle (6.1%), donkey (6%), goat (3.8%), and sheep (2.2%). Four camels were positive for T. evansi type B. Molecular prevalence of T. vivax was 3.0% and was similar in Tigray and Afar. It didn’t differ significantly among the host species except that it was not detected in horses and mules. Conclusions NTTAT caused by T. vivax and T. evansi, is an important threat to animal health in Tigray and Afar. For the first time, we confirm the presence of T. evansi type B in Ethiopian camels. Unexplained results obtained with the current diagnostic tests in bovines warrant particular efforts to isolate and characterise trypanosome strains that circulate in Northern Ethiopia.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-015-0818-1Trypanosoma evansi type ATrypanosoma evansi type BDromedary camelsEquinesRuminantsEthiopia |
| spellingShingle | Hadush Birhanu Regassa Fikru Mussa Said Weldu Kidane Tadesse Gebrehiwot Ashenafi Hagos Tola Alemu Tesfaye Dawit Dirk Berkvens Bruno Maria Goddeeris Philippe Büscher Epidemiology of Trypanosoma evansi and Trypanosoma vivax in domestic animals from selected districts of Tigray and Afar regions, Northern Ethiopia Parasites & Vectors Trypanosoma evansi type A Trypanosoma evansi type B Dromedary camels Equines Ruminants Ethiopia |
| title | Epidemiology of Trypanosoma evansi and Trypanosoma vivax in domestic animals from selected districts of Tigray and Afar regions, Northern Ethiopia |
| title_full | Epidemiology of Trypanosoma evansi and Trypanosoma vivax in domestic animals from selected districts of Tigray and Afar regions, Northern Ethiopia |
| title_fullStr | Epidemiology of Trypanosoma evansi and Trypanosoma vivax in domestic animals from selected districts of Tigray and Afar regions, Northern Ethiopia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epidemiology of Trypanosoma evansi and Trypanosoma vivax in domestic animals from selected districts of Tigray and Afar regions, Northern Ethiopia |
| title_short | Epidemiology of Trypanosoma evansi and Trypanosoma vivax in domestic animals from selected districts of Tigray and Afar regions, Northern Ethiopia |
| title_sort | epidemiology of trypanosoma evansi and trypanosoma vivax in domestic animals from selected districts of tigray and afar regions northern ethiopia |
| topic | Trypanosoma evansi type A Trypanosoma evansi type B Dromedary camels Equines Ruminants Ethiopia |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-015-0818-1 |
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