Neural Image Analysis for the Determination of Total and Volatile Solids in a Composted Sewage Sludge and Maize Straw Mixture
Waste management is one of most important challenges in environmental protection. Much effort is put into the development of waste treatment methods for further use. A serious problem is the treatment of municipal sewage sludge. One method that is useful for this substrate is composting. However, it...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/5/3363 |
| _version_ | 1827752948647591936 |
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| author | Sebastian Kujawa Gniewko Niedbała Wojciech Czekała Katarzyna Pentoś |
| author_facet | Sebastian Kujawa Gniewko Niedbała Wojciech Czekała Katarzyna Pentoś |
| author_sort | Sebastian Kujawa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Waste management is one of most important challenges in environmental protection. Much effort is put into the development of waste treatment methods for further use. A serious problem is the treatment of municipal sewage sludge. One method that is useful for this substrate is composting. However, it is reasonable to compost a sewage sludge mixed with other substrates, such as maize straw. To carry out the composting process properly, it is necessary to control some parameters, including the total solids and volatile solids content in the composted mixture. In this paper, a method for the determination of the total solids and volatile solids content based on image analysis and neural networks was proposed. Image analysis was used for the determination of the colour and texture parameters. The three additional features describing the composted material were percentage of sewage sludge, type of maize straw, and stage of compost maturity. The neural models were developed based on various combinations of the input parameters. For both the total solids and volatile solids content, the most accurate models were obtained using all input parameters, including 30 parameters for image colour and texture and three features describing the composted material. The uncertainties of the developed models, expressed by the MAPE error, were 2.88% and 0.59%, respectively, for the prediction of the total solids and volatile solids content. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:29:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7c99ce8587a7401480e370da61c2daf0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:29:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-7c99ce8587a7401480e370da61c2daf02023-11-17T07:22:49ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-03-01135336310.3390/app13053363Neural Image Analysis for the Determination of Total and Volatile Solids in a Composted Sewage Sludge and Maize Straw MixtureSebastian Kujawa0Gniewko Niedbała1Wojciech Czekała2Katarzyna Pentoś3Department of Biosystems Engineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 50, 60-627 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Biosystems Engineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 50, 60-627 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Biosystems Engineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 50, 60-627 Poznań, PolandInstitute of Agricultural Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37b Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, PolandWaste management is one of most important challenges in environmental protection. Much effort is put into the development of waste treatment methods for further use. A serious problem is the treatment of municipal sewage sludge. One method that is useful for this substrate is composting. However, it is reasonable to compost a sewage sludge mixed with other substrates, such as maize straw. To carry out the composting process properly, it is necessary to control some parameters, including the total solids and volatile solids content in the composted mixture. In this paper, a method for the determination of the total solids and volatile solids content based on image analysis and neural networks was proposed. Image analysis was used for the determination of the colour and texture parameters. The three additional features describing the composted material were percentage of sewage sludge, type of maize straw, and stage of compost maturity. The neural models were developed based on various combinations of the input parameters. For both the total solids and volatile solids content, the most accurate models were obtained using all input parameters, including 30 parameters for image colour and texture and three features describing the composted material. The uncertainties of the developed models, expressed by the MAPE error, were 2.88% and 0.59%, respectively, for the prediction of the total solids and volatile solids content.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/5/3363compostingsewage sludgemaize strawtotal solidsvolatile solidsneural networks |
| spellingShingle | Sebastian Kujawa Gniewko Niedbała Wojciech Czekała Katarzyna Pentoś Neural Image Analysis for the Determination of Total and Volatile Solids in a Composted Sewage Sludge and Maize Straw Mixture Applied Sciences composting sewage sludge maize straw total solids volatile solids neural networks |
| title | Neural Image Analysis for the Determination of Total and Volatile Solids in a Composted Sewage Sludge and Maize Straw Mixture |
| title_full | Neural Image Analysis for the Determination of Total and Volatile Solids in a Composted Sewage Sludge and Maize Straw Mixture |
| title_fullStr | Neural Image Analysis for the Determination of Total and Volatile Solids in a Composted Sewage Sludge and Maize Straw Mixture |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neural Image Analysis for the Determination of Total and Volatile Solids in a Composted Sewage Sludge and Maize Straw Mixture |
| title_short | Neural Image Analysis for the Determination of Total and Volatile Solids in a Composted Sewage Sludge and Maize Straw Mixture |
| title_sort | neural image analysis for the determination of total and volatile solids in a composted sewage sludge and maize straw mixture |
| topic | composting sewage sludge maize straw total solids volatile solids neural networks |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/5/3363 |
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