An Adult Brain Atlas Reveals Broad Neuroanatomical Changes in Independently Evolved Populations of Mexican Cavefish
A shift in environmental conditions impacts the evolution of complex developmental and behavioral traits. The Mexican cavefish, Astyanax mexicanus, is a powerful model for examining the evolution of development, physiology, and behavior because multiple cavefish populations can be compared to an ext...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neuroanatomy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnana.2019.00088/full |
| _version_ | 1819260515008905216 |
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| author | Cody Loomis Cody Loomis Robert Peuß James B. Jaggard James B. Jaggard Yongfu Wang Sean A. McKinney Stephan C. Raftopoulos Austin Raftopoulos Daniel Whu Matthew Green Suzanne E. McGaugh Nicolas Rohner Nicolas Rohner Alex C. Keene Alex C. Keene Erik R. Duboue Erik R. Duboue |
| author_facet | Cody Loomis Cody Loomis Robert Peuß James B. Jaggard James B. Jaggard Yongfu Wang Sean A. McKinney Stephan C. Raftopoulos Austin Raftopoulos Daniel Whu Matthew Green Suzanne E. McGaugh Nicolas Rohner Nicolas Rohner Alex C. Keene Alex C. Keene Erik R. Duboue Erik R. Duboue |
| author_sort | Cody Loomis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A shift in environmental conditions impacts the evolution of complex developmental and behavioral traits. The Mexican cavefish, Astyanax mexicanus, is a powerful model for examining the evolution of development, physiology, and behavior because multiple cavefish populations can be compared to an extant, ancestral-like surface population of the same species. Many behaviors have diverged in cave populations of A. mexicanus, and previous studies have shown that cavefish have a loss of sleep, reduced stress, an absence of social behaviors, and hyperphagia. Despite these findings, surprisingly little is known about the changes in neuroanatomy that underlie these behavioral phenotypes. Here, we use serial sectioning to generate brain atlases of surface fish and three independent cavefish populations. Volumetric reconstruction of serial-sectioned brains confirms convergent evolution on reduced optic tectum volume in all cavefish populations tested. In addition, we quantified volumes of specific neuroanatomical loci within several brain regions that have previously been implicated in behavioral regulation, including the hypothalamus, thalamus, and habenula. These analyses reveal an enlargement of the hypothalamus in all cavefish populations relative to surface fish, as well as subnuclei-specific differences within the thalamus and prethalamus. Taken together, these analyses support the notion that changes in environmental conditions are accompanied by neuroanatomical changes in brain structures associated with behavior. This atlas provides a resource for comparative neuroanatomy of additional brain regions and the opportunity to associate brain anatomy with evolved changes in behavior. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T19:27:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7c9da24f9dea4844a58e307813533038 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5129 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T19:27:07Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neuroanatomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-7c9da24f9dea4844a58e3078135330382022-12-21T17:34:01ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroanatomy1662-51292019-10-011310.3389/fnana.2019.00088475270An Adult Brain Atlas Reveals Broad Neuroanatomical Changes in Independently Evolved Populations of Mexican CavefishCody Loomis0Cody Loomis1Robert Peuß2James B. Jaggard3James B. Jaggard4Yongfu Wang5Sean A. McKinney6Stephan C. Raftopoulos7Austin Raftopoulos8Daniel Whu9Matthew Green10Suzanne E. McGaugh11Nicolas Rohner12Nicolas Rohner13Alex C. Keene14Alex C. Keene15Erik R. Duboue16Erik R. Duboue17Department of Biology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United StatesJupiter Life Science Initiative, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United StatesStowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, United StatesDepartment of Biology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United StatesJupiter Life Science Initiative, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United StatesStowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, United StatesStowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, United StatesHarriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United StatesHarriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United StatesHarriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United StatesJupiter Life Science Initiative, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United StatesDepartment of Ecology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United StatesStowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, United StatesDepartment of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, KU Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United StatesDepartment of Biology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United StatesJupiter Life Science Initiative, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United StatesJupiter Life Science Initiative, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United StatesHarriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United StatesA shift in environmental conditions impacts the evolution of complex developmental and behavioral traits. The Mexican cavefish, Astyanax mexicanus, is a powerful model for examining the evolution of development, physiology, and behavior because multiple cavefish populations can be compared to an extant, ancestral-like surface population of the same species. Many behaviors have diverged in cave populations of A. mexicanus, and previous studies have shown that cavefish have a loss of sleep, reduced stress, an absence of social behaviors, and hyperphagia. Despite these findings, surprisingly little is known about the changes in neuroanatomy that underlie these behavioral phenotypes. Here, we use serial sectioning to generate brain atlases of surface fish and three independent cavefish populations. Volumetric reconstruction of serial-sectioned brains confirms convergent evolution on reduced optic tectum volume in all cavefish populations tested. In addition, we quantified volumes of specific neuroanatomical loci within several brain regions that have previously been implicated in behavioral regulation, including the hypothalamus, thalamus, and habenula. These analyses reveal an enlargement of the hypothalamus in all cavefish populations relative to surface fish, as well as subnuclei-specific differences within the thalamus and prethalamus. Taken together, these analyses support the notion that changes in environmental conditions are accompanied by neuroanatomical changes in brain structures associated with behavior. This atlas provides a resource for comparative neuroanatomy of additional brain regions and the opportunity to associate brain anatomy with evolved changes in behavior.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnana.2019.00088/fullA. mexicanushypothalamusbrain evolutionbrain atlassleepstress |
| spellingShingle | Cody Loomis Cody Loomis Robert Peuß James B. Jaggard James B. Jaggard Yongfu Wang Sean A. McKinney Stephan C. Raftopoulos Austin Raftopoulos Daniel Whu Matthew Green Suzanne E. McGaugh Nicolas Rohner Nicolas Rohner Alex C. Keene Alex C. Keene Erik R. Duboue Erik R. Duboue An Adult Brain Atlas Reveals Broad Neuroanatomical Changes in Independently Evolved Populations of Mexican Cavefish Frontiers in Neuroanatomy A. mexicanus hypothalamus brain evolution brain atlas sleep stress |
| title | An Adult Brain Atlas Reveals Broad Neuroanatomical Changes in Independently Evolved Populations of Mexican Cavefish |
| title_full | An Adult Brain Atlas Reveals Broad Neuroanatomical Changes in Independently Evolved Populations of Mexican Cavefish |
| title_fullStr | An Adult Brain Atlas Reveals Broad Neuroanatomical Changes in Independently Evolved Populations of Mexican Cavefish |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Adult Brain Atlas Reveals Broad Neuroanatomical Changes in Independently Evolved Populations of Mexican Cavefish |
| title_short | An Adult Brain Atlas Reveals Broad Neuroanatomical Changes in Independently Evolved Populations of Mexican Cavefish |
| title_sort | adult brain atlas reveals broad neuroanatomical changes in independently evolved populations of mexican cavefish |
| topic | A. mexicanus hypothalamus brain evolution brain atlas sleep stress |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnana.2019.00088/full |
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