Immune System and Psychological State of Pregnant Women during COVID-19 Pandemic: Are Micronutrients Able to Support Pregnancy?
The immune system is highly dynamic and susceptible to many alterations throughout pregnancy. Since December 2019, a pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has swept the globe. To contain the spread of COVID-19, immediate measures such as quarantine and isolation were implemented. Thes...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/12/2534 |
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| author | Alessio Alesci Simona Pergolizzi Angelo Fumia Anthea Miller Caterina Cernigliaro Maria Zaccone Vanessa Salamone Enza Mastrantonio Sebastiano Gangemi Giovanni Pioggia Nicola Cicero |
| author_facet | Alessio Alesci Simona Pergolizzi Angelo Fumia Anthea Miller Caterina Cernigliaro Maria Zaccone Vanessa Salamone Enza Mastrantonio Sebastiano Gangemi Giovanni Pioggia Nicola Cicero |
| author_sort | Alessio Alesci |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The immune system is highly dynamic and susceptible to many alterations throughout pregnancy. Since December 2019, a pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has swept the globe. To contain the spread of COVID-19, immediate measures such as quarantine and isolation were implemented. These containment measures have contributed to exacerbate situations of anxiety and stress, especially in pregnant women, who are already particularly anxious about their condition. Alterations in the psychological state of pregnant women are related to alterations in the immune system, which is more vulnerable under stress. COVID-19 could therefore find fertile soil in these individuals and risk more severe forms. Normally a controlled dietary regimen is followed during pregnancy, but the use of particular vitamins and micronutrients can help counteract depressive-anxiety states and stress, can improve the immune system, and provide an additional weapon in the defense against COVID-19 to bring the pregnancy to fruition. This review aims to gather data on the impact of COVID-19 on the immune system and psychological condition of pregnant women and to assess whether some micronutrients can improve their psychophysical symptoms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:49:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7ca46ccefa22451cbb39f7cb1b8df57d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:49:27Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-7ca46ccefa22451cbb39f7cb1b8df57d2023-11-23T18:22:48ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432022-06-011412253410.3390/nu14122534Immune System and Psychological State of Pregnant Women during COVID-19 Pandemic: Are Micronutrients Able to Support Pregnancy?Alessio Alesci0Simona Pergolizzi1Angelo Fumia2Anthea Miller3Caterina Cernigliaro4Maria Zaccone5Vanessa Salamone6Enza Mastrantonio7Sebastiano Gangemi8Giovanni Pioggia9Nicola Cicero10Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98147 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, ItalyAzienda Sanitaria Provinciale 5 Messina, 98124 Messina, ItalyAzienda Sanitaria Provinciale 5 Messina, 98124 Messina, ItalyAzienda Sanitaria Provinciale 5 Messina, 98124 Messina, ItalyAzienda Sanitaria Provinciale 5 Messina, 98124 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98147 Messina, ItalyInstitute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98125 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Dental Science and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, ItalyThe immune system is highly dynamic and susceptible to many alterations throughout pregnancy. Since December 2019, a pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has swept the globe. To contain the spread of COVID-19, immediate measures such as quarantine and isolation were implemented. These containment measures have contributed to exacerbate situations of anxiety and stress, especially in pregnant women, who are already particularly anxious about their condition. Alterations in the psychological state of pregnant women are related to alterations in the immune system, which is more vulnerable under stress. COVID-19 could therefore find fertile soil in these individuals and risk more severe forms. Normally a controlled dietary regimen is followed during pregnancy, but the use of particular vitamins and micronutrients can help counteract depressive-anxiety states and stress, can improve the immune system, and provide an additional weapon in the defense against COVID-19 to bring the pregnancy to fruition. This review aims to gather data on the impact of COVID-19 on the immune system and psychological condition of pregnant women and to assess whether some micronutrients can improve their psychophysical symptoms.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/12/2534immune systempregnancystressCOVID-19vitaminsmicronutrients |
| spellingShingle | Alessio Alesci Simona Pergolizzi Angelo Fumia Anthea Miller Caterina Cernigliaro Maria Zaccone Vanessa Salamone Enza Mastrantonio Sebastiano Gangemi Giovanni Pioggia Nicola Cicero Immune System and Psychological State of Pregnant Women during COVID-19 Pandemic: Are Micronutrients Able to Support Pregnancy? Nutrients immune system pregnancy stress COVID-19 vitamins micronutrients |
| title | Immune System and Psychological State of Pregnant Women during COVID-19 Pandemic: Are Micronutrients Able to Support Pregnancy? |
| title_full | Immune System and Psychological State of Pregnant Women during COVID-19 Pandemic: Are Micronutrients Able to Support Pregnancy? |
| title_fullStr | Immune System and Psychological State of Pregnant Women during COVID-19 Pandemic: Are Micronutrients Able to Support Pregnancy? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immune System and Psychological State of Pregnant Women during COVID-19 Pandemic: Are Micronutrients Able to Support Pregnancy? |
| title_short | Immune System and Psychological State of Pregnant Women during COVID-19 Pandemic: Are Micronutrients Able to Support Pregnancy? |
| title_sort | immune system and psychological state of pregnant women during covid 19 pandemic are micronutrients able to support pregnancy |
| topic | immune system pregnancy stress COVID-19 vitamins micronutrients |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/12/2534 |
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