Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination in Dialysis Patients and Kidney Transplant Recipients
Dialysis patients and kidney transplant (KTX) recipients suffer from an impaired immune system and show a decreased response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination. We performed a retrospective analysis of 1505 serological SARS-CoV-2 measurements obtaine...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/1/4 |
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| author | Patrick Affeldt Felix Carlo Koehler Karl August Brensing Vivien Adam Julia Burian Linus Butt Martin Gies Franziska Grundmann Steffen Hinrichs Wibke Johannis Nils Kalisch Matthias Meyer-Delpho Simon Oehm Eva Platen Claudia Schöler Eva Heger Gertrud Steger Dirk Stippel Aileen Ziegelhöfer Thomas Benzing Florian Klein Christine Kurschat Roman-Ulrich Müller Veronica Di Cristanziano |
| author_facet | Patrick Affeldt Felix Carlo Koehler Karl August Brensing Vivien Adam Julia Burian Linus Butt Martin Gies Franziska Grundmann Steffen Hinrichs Wibke Johannis Nils Kalisch Matthias Meyer-Delpho Simon Oehm Eva Platen Claudia Schöler Eva Heger Gertrud Steger Dirk Stippel Aileen Ziegelhöfer Thomas Benzing Florian Klein Christine Kurschat Roman-Ulrich Müller Veronica Di Cristanziano |
| author_sort | Patrick Affeldt |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Dialysis patients and kidney transplant (KTX) recipients suffer from an impaired immune system and show a decreased response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination. We performed a retrospective analysis of 1505 serological SARS-CoV-2 measurements obtained from 887 dialysis patients and 86 KTX recipients. The results were separated by patient subgroups (dialysis/KTX) as well as SARS-CoV-2 status. The latter criterion included SARS-CoV-2-naïve patients with or without COVID-19 vaccination and convalescent patients receiving a booster shot. Serologies of 27 vaccinated healthy individuals served as the reference group. Vaccine-induced cellular immune response was quantified by an interferon-γ release assay in 32 KTX recipients. We determined seroconversion rates of 92.6%, 93.4%, and 71.4% in dialysis patients vaccinated with either BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, or AZD1222, respectively. Vaccination-induced anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers were lower in dialysis patients compared to healthy individuals, and vaccination with mRNA-1273 induced higher titers than BNT162b2. The initial seroconversion rate was 39.5% in KTX recipients vaccinated with BNT162b2. A linear regression model identified medication with mycophenolate-mofetil/mycophenolic acid as an independent risk factor for missing seroconversion. Within a cohort of 32 KTX recipients, cellular and humoral immune reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 was detectable in three patients only. Conclusively, vaccine-induced seroconversion rates were similar in dialysis patients compared to healthy individuals but were strongly impaired in KTX recipients. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers elicited by double active immunization were significantly lower in both cohorts compared to healthy individuals, and immune responses to vaccination vanished quickly. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:54:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7ca588ed96d6473587bc7030c2f71cbb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:54:52Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-7ca588ed96d6473587bc7030c2f71cbb2023-11-23T14:45:43ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072021-12-01101410.3390/microorganisms10010004Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination in Dialysis Patients and Kidney Transplant RecipientsPatrick Affeldt0Felix Carlo Koehler1Karl August Brensing2Vivien Adam3Julia Burian4Linus Butt5Martin Gies6Franziska Grundmann7Steffen Hinrichs8Wibke Johannis9Nils Kalisch10Matthias Meyer-Delpho11Simon Oehm12Eva Platen13Claudia Schöler14Eva Heger15Gertrud Steger16Dirk Stippel17Aileen Ziegelhöfer18Thomas Benzing19Florian Klein20Christine Kurschat21Roman-Ulrich Müller22Veronica Di Cristanziano23Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, GermanyDepartment II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, GermanyNierenzentrum Bonn, 53175 Bonn, GermanyDepartment II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, GermanyNieren- und Dialysezentrum Rheinbach, 53359 Rheinbach, GermanyDepartment II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, GermanyKfH-Nierenzentrum Köln-Longerich, 50737 Cologne, GermanyDepartment II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, GermanyDepartment II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, GermanyInstitute for Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, GermanyDepartment II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, GermanyDialysezentrum Siegburg, 53721 Siegburg, GermanyDepartment II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, GermanyNierenzentrum Eifel, 53894 Mechernich, GermanyKfH-Nierenzentrum Köln-Longerich, 50737 Cologne, GermanyInstitute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, GermanyInstitute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, GermanyDepartment of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, GermanyInstitute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, GermanyDepartment II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, GermanyInstitute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, GermanyDepartment II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, GermanyDepartment II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, GermanyInstitute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, GermanyDialysis patients and kidney transplant (KTX) recipients suffer from an impaired immune system and show a decreased response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination. We performed a retrospective analysis of 1505 serological SARS-CoV-2 measurements obtained from 887 dialysis patients and 86 KTX recipients. The results were separated by patient subgroups (dialysis/KTX) as well as SARS-CoV-2 status. The latter criterion included SARS-CoV-2-naïve patients with or without COVID-19 vaccination and convalescent patients receiving a booster shot. Serologies of 27 vaccinated healthy individuals served as the reference group. Vaccine-induced cellular immune response was quantified by an interferon-γ release assay in 32 KTX recipients. We determined seroconversion rates of 92.6%, 93.4%, and 71.4% in dialysis patients vaccinated with either BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, or AZD1222, respectively. Vaccination-induced anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers were lower in dialysis patients compared to healthy individuals, and vaccination with mRNA-1273 induced higher titers than BNT162b2. The initial seroconversion rate was 39.5% in KTX recipients vaccinated with BNT162b2. A linear regression model identified medication with mycophenolate-mofetil/mycophenolic acid as an independent risk factor for missing seroconversion. Within a cohort of 32 KTX recipients, cellular and humoral immune reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 was detectable in three patients only. Conclusively, vaccine-induced seroconversion rates were similar in dialysis patients compared to healthy individuals but were strongly impaired in KTX recipients. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers elicited by double active immunization were significantly lower in both cohorts compared to healthy individuals, and immune responses to vaccination vanished quickly.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/1/4COVID-19immunosuppressionprotectiontiterantibodieskidney disease |
| spellingShingle | Patrick Affeldt Felix Carlo Koehler Karl August Brensing Vivien Adam Julia Burian Linus Butt Martin Gies Franziska Grundmann Steffen Hinrichs Wibke Johannis Nils Kalisch Matthias Meyer-Delpho Simon Oehm Eva Platen Claudia Schöler Eva Heger Gertrud Steger Dirk Stippel Aileen Ziegelhöfer Thomas Benzing Florian Klein Christine Kurschat Roman-Ulrich Müller Veronica Di Cristanziano Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination in Dialysis Patients and Kidney Transplant Recipients Microorganisms COVID-19 immunosuppression protection titer antibodies kidney disease |
| title | Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination in Dialysis Patients and Kidney Transplant Recipients |
| title_full | Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination in Dialysis Patients and Kidney Transplant Recipients |
| title_fullStr | Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination in Dialysis Patients and Kidney Transplant Recipients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination in Dialysis Patients and Kidney Transplant Recipients |
| title_short | Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination in Dialysis Patients and Kidney Transplant Recipients |
| title_sort | immune responses to sars cov 2 infection and vaccination in dialysis patients and kidney transplant recipients |
| topic | COVID-19 immunosuppression protection titer antibodies kidney disease |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/1/4 |
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