Qualitative Analysis of Lambda-Cyhalothrin on Chinese Cabbage Using Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Fuzzy Feature Extraction Algorithms
Excess pesticide residues on cabbage are harmful to humans. In this study, we propose an innovative strategy for a quick and nondestructive qualitative test of lambda-cyhalothrin residues on Chinese cabbage. Spectral profiles of Chinese cabbage leaf samples with different concentrations of surface r...
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/3/275 |
| _version_ | 1797540300408750080 |
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| author | Yanjun Shen Xiaohong Wu Bin Wu Yang Tan Jinmao Liu |
| author_facet | Yanjun Shen Xiaohong Wu Bin Wu Yang Tan Jinmao Liu |
| author_sort | Yanjun Shen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Excess pesticide residues on cabbage are harmful to humans. In this study, we propose an innovative strategy for a quick and nondestructive qualitative test of lambda-cyhalothrin residues on Chinese cabbage. Spectral profiles of Chinese cabbage leaf samples with different concentrations of surface residues of lambda-cyhalothrin were collected with an Agilent Cary 630 FTIR Spectrometer. Standard normal variate (SNV), multiplicative scatter correlation (MSC), and principle component analysis (PCA) were utilized to preprocess the spectra. Then, fuzzy Foley-Sammon transformation (FFST), fuzzy linear discriminant analysis (FLDA), and fuzzy uncorrelated discriminant transformation (FUDT) were employed to extract features from the spectra data. Finally, <i>k</i>-nearest neighbor (<i>k</i>NN) was applied to classify samples according to the concentration of lambda-cyhalothrin residue. The highest identification accuracy rates of FFST, FLDA, and FUDT were 100%, 97.22%, and 100%, respectively. FUDT performed the best considering the combination of accuracy rate and required computing time. We believe that mid-infrared spectroscopy combined with fuzzy uncorrelated discriminant analysis is an effective method to accurately and quickly conduct qualitative analyses of lambda-cyhalothrin residues on Chinese cabbages. This method may have applications in other crops and other pesticide residues. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:59:05Z |
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| id | doaj.art-7cb2d5daee19433ea186c9ea103c440e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0472 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:59:05Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj.art-7cb2d5daee19433ea186c9ea103c440e2023-11-21T11:41:33ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722021-03-0111327510.3390/agriculture11030275Qualitative Analysis of Lambda-Cyhalothrin on Chinese Cabbage Using Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Fuzzy Feature Extraction AlgorithmsYanjun Shen0Xiaohong Wu1Bin Wu2Yang Tan3Jinmao Liu4Institute of Talented Engineering Students, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaSchool of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaDepartment of Information Engineering, Chuzhou Polytechnic, Chuzhou 239000, ChinaInstitute of Talented Engineering Students, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaInstitute of Talented Engineering Students, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaExcess pesticide residues on cabbage are harmful to humans. In this study, we propose an innovative strategy for a quick and nondestructive qualitative test of lambda-cyhalothrin residues on Chinese cabbage. Spectral profiles of Chinese cabbage leaf samples with different concentrations of surface residues of lambda-cyhalothrin were collected with an Agilent Cary 630 FTIR Spectrometer. Standard normal variate (SNV), multiplicative scatter correlation (MSC), and principle component analysis (PCA) were utilized to preprocess the spectra. Then, fuzzy Foley-Sammon transformation (FFST), fuzzy linear discriminant analysis (FLDA), and fuzzy uncorrelated discriminant transformation (FUDT) were employed to extract features from the spectra data. Finally, <i>k</i>-nearest neighbor (<i>k</i>NN) was applied to classify samples according to the concentration of lambda-cyhalothrin residue. The highest identification accuracy rates of FFST, FLDA, and FUDT were 100%, 97.22%, and 100%, respectively. FUDT performed the best considering the combination of accuracy rate and required computing time. We believe that mid-infrared spectroscopy combined with fuzzy uncorrelated discriminant analysis is an effective method to accurately and quickly conduct qualitative analyses of lambda-cyhalothrin residues on Chinese cabbages. This method may have applications in other crops and other pesticide residues.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/3/275Chinese cabbagelambda-cyhalothrinmid-infrared spectroscopyfuzzy linear discriminant analysisfuzzy Foley-Sammon transformationfuzzy uncorrelated discriminant analysis |
| spellingShingle | Yanjun Shen Xiaohong Wu Bin Wu Yang Tan Jinmao Liu Qualitative Analysis of Lambda-Cyhalothrin on Chinese Cabbage Using Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Fuzzy Feature Extraction Algorithms Agriculture Chinese cabbage lambda-cyhalothrin mid-infrared spectroscopy fuzzy linear discriminant analysis fuzzy Foley-Sammon transformation fuzzy uncorrelated discriminant analysis |
| title | Qualitative Analysis of Lambda-Cyhalothrin on Chinese Cabbage Using Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Fuzzy Feature Extraction Algorithms |
| title_full | Qualitative Analysis of Lambda-Cyhalothrin on Chinese Cabbage Using Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Fuzzy Feature Extraction Algorithms |
| title_fullStr | Qualitative Analysis of Lambda-Cyhalothrin on Chinese Cabbage Using Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Fuzzy Feature Extraction Algorithms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Qualitative Analysis of Lambda-Cyhalothrin on Chinese Cabbage Using Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Fuzzy Feature Extraction Algorithms |
| title_short | Qualitative Analysis of Lambda-Cyhalothrin on Chinese Cabbage Using Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Fuzzy Feature Extraction Algorithms |
| title_sort | qualitative analysis of lambda cyhalothrin on chinese cabbage using mid infrared spectroscopy combined with fuzzy feature extraction algorithms |
| topic | Chinese cabbage lambda-cyhalothrin mid-infrared spectroscopy fuzzy linear discriminant analysis fuzzy Foley-Sammon transformation fuzzy uncorrelated discriminant analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/3/275 |
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