Influence of the El Niño Phenomenon on Shoreline Evolution. Case Study: Callao Bay, Perú
Analyzing the long-term behavior of the coastlines in the vicinity of river mouths and estuaries usually relies on the mean (predicted) values of the sediment discharge from the river. However, this approach does not consider low frequency, severe events, such as El Niño (EN), that can have...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/8/2/90 |
| _version_ | 1818616301165215744 |
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| author | Emanuel Guzman Carmela Ramos Ali Dastgheib |
| author_facet | Emanuel Guzman Carmela Ramos Ali Dastgheib |
| author_sort | Emanuel Guzman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Analyzing the long-term behavior of the coastlines in the vicinity of river mouths and estuaries usually relies on the mean (predicted) values of the sediment discharge from the river. However, this approach does not consider low frequency, severe events, such as El Niño (EN), that can have a large effect on coastlines. While the effects of an EN on flooding and droughts are well studied, little information exists about its effects on coastal zones, and especially on the evolution of coastlines. In early 2017, an EN occurred in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, and the country of Peru was affected with high precipitation levels, and extreme river discharges and flooding. During this event, in the district of Lima, the Rimac River discharged a huge amount of sediment into the Callao Bay, and the shoreline accreted approximately 1 km, demonstrating the significant effects that an EN can have on coastal zones. To explore these effects, this paper studies the influence of an EN on shoreline evolution in the Callao Bay by analyzing Landsat images from 1985−2019 to understand the shoreline evolution and identify changes to the coastline. Results show that when an extraordinary EN occurs (e.g., 1982−1983, 1997−1998, and 2017), the shoreline experiences high accretion compared to when a smaller, or no EN occurs. During these events, a significant delta forms at the south end of the bay, and the redistribution of the accumulated sediment by wave action causes the accretion of the adjacent coastlines for as far as 7 km north of the river mouth. This shows the importance of these events for the wellbeing of coastlines adjacent to river mouths affected by EN. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T16:47:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7cb6eae1f06d4eeb94fd76120dcdd0a4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-1312 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T16:47:37Z |
| publishDate | 2020-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-7cb6eae1f06d4eeb94fd76120dcdd0a42022-12-21T22:24:07ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122020-02-01829010.3390/jmse8020090jmse8020090Influence of the El Niño Phenomenon on Shoreline Evolution. Case Study: Callao Bay, PerúEmanuel Guzman0Carmela Ramos1Ali Dastgheib2Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Avenida General Salaverry 2255 San Isidro, Lima 27, PeruFacultad de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Avenida General Salaverry 2255 San Isidro, Lima 27, PeruCoastal systems engineering and port development, IHE-Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, The NetherlandsAnalyzing the long-term behavior of the coastlines in the vicinity of river mouths and estuaries usually relies on the mean (predicted) values of the sediment discharge from the river. However, this approach does not consider low frequency, severe events, such as El Niño (EN), that can have a large effect on coastlines. While the effects of an EN on flooding and droughts are well studied, little information exists about its effects on coastal zones, and especially on the evolution of coastlines. In early 2017, an EN occurred in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, and the country of Peru was affected with high precipitation levels, and extreme river discharges and flooding. During this event, in the district of Lima, the Rimac River discharged a huge amount of sediment into the Callao Bay, and the shoreline accreted approximately 1 km, demonstrating the significant effects that an EN can have on coastal zones. To explore these effects, this paper studies the influence of an EN on shoreline evolution in the Callao Bay by analyzing Landsat images from 1985−2019 to understand the shoreline evolution and identify changes to the coastline. Results show that when an extraordinary EN occurs (e.g., 1982−1983, 1997−1998, and 2017), the shoreline experiences high accretion compared to when a smaller, or no EN occurs. During these events, a significant delta forms at the south end of the bay, and the redistribution of the accumulated sediment by wave action causes the accretion of the adjacent coastlines for as far as 7 km north of the river mouth. This shows the importance of these events for the wellbeing of coastlines adjacent to river mouths affected by EN.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/8/2/90shoreline evolutionel niño and coastal processcoastal process |
| spellingShingle | Emanuel Guzman Carmela Ramos Ali Dastgheib Influence of the El Niño Phenomenon on Shoreline Evolution. Case Study: Callao Bay, Perú Journal of Marine Science and Engineering shoreline evolution el niño and coastal process coastal process |
| title | Influence of the El Niño Phenomenon on Shoreline Evolution. Case Study: Callao Bay, Perú |
| title_full | Influence of the El Niño Phenomenon on Shoreline Evolution. Case Study: Callao Bay, Perú |
| title_fullStr | Influence of the El Niño Phenomenon on Shoreline Evolution. Case Study: Callao Bay, Perú |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of the El Niño Phenomenon on Shoreline Evolution. Case Study: Callao Bay, Perú |
| title_short | Influence of the El Niño Phenomenon on Shoreline Evolution. Case Study: Callao Bay, Perú |
| title_sort | influence of the el nino phenomenon on shoreline evolution case study callao bay peru |
| topic | shoreline evolution el niño and coastal process coastal process |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/8/2/90 |
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