Detecting Climate Driven Changes in Chlorophyll-a in Deep Subalpine Lakes Using Long Term Satellite Data
Climate change has increased the temperature and altered the mixing regime of high-value lakes in the subalpine region of Northern Italy. Remote sensing of chlorophyll-a can help provide a time series to allow an assessment of the ecological implications of this. Non-parametric multiplicative regres...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/6/866 |
| _version_ | 1797540365565165568 |
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| author | Gary Free Mariano Bresciani Monica Pinardi Nicola Ghirardi Giulia Luciani Rossana Caroni Claudia Giardino |
| author_facet | Gary Free Mariano Bresciani Monica Pinardi Nicola Ghirardi Giulia Luciani Rossana Caroni Claudia Giardino |
| author_sort | Gary Free |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Climate change has increased the temperature and altered the mixing regime of high-value lakes in the subalpine region of Northern Italy. Remote sensing of chlorophyll-a can help provide a time series to allow an assessment of the ecological implications of this. Non-parametric multiplicative regression (NPMR) was used to visualize and understand the changes that have occurred between 2003–2018 in Lakes Garda, Como, Iseo, and Maggiore. In all four deep subalpine lakes, there has been a disruption from a traditional pattern of a significant spring chlorophyll-a peak followed by a clear water phase and summer/autumn peaks. This was replaced after 2010–2012, with lower spring peaks and a tendency for annual maxima to occur in summer. There was a tendency for this switch to be interspersed by a two-year period of low chlorophyll-a. Variables that were significant in NPMR included time, air temperature, total phosphorus, winter temperature, and winter values for the North Atlantic Oscillation. The change from spring to summer chlorophyll-a maxima, relatively sudden in an ecological context, could be interpreted as a regime shift. The cause was probably cascading effects from increased winter temperatures, reduced winter mixing, and altered nutrient dynamics. Future trends will depend on climate change and inter-decadal climate drivers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:00:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7ccbcda072734aee96b02cea04f33d7d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:00:03Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-7ccbcda072734aee96b02cea04f33d7d2023-11-21T11:36:26ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412021-03-0113686610.3390/w13060866Detecting Climate Driven Changes in Chlorophyll-a in Deep Subalpine Lakes Using Long Term Satellite DataGary Free0Mariano Bresciani1Monica Pinardi2Nicola Ghirardi3Giulia Luciani4Rossana Caroni5Claudia Giardino6Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council, 20133 Milan, ItalyInstitute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council, 20133 Milan, ItalyInstitute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council, 20133 Milan, ItalyInstitute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council, 20133 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, ItalyWater Research Institute, National Research Council, 28922 Verbania, ItalyInstitute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council, 20133 Milan, ItalyClimate change has increased the temperature and altered the mixing regime of high-value lakes in the subalpine region of Northern Italy. Remote sensing of chlorophyll-a can help provide a time series to allow an assessment of the ecological implications of this. Non-parametric multiplicative regression (NPMR) was used to visualize and understand the changes that have occurred between 2003–2018 in Lakes Garda, Como, Iseo, and Maggiore. In all four deep subalpine lakes, there has been a disruption from a traditional pattern of a significant spring chlorophyll-a peak followed by a clear water phase and summer/autumn peaks. This was replaced after 2010–2012, with lower spring peaks and a tendency for annual maxima to occur in summer. There was a tendency for this switch to be interspersed by a two-year period of low chlorophyll-a. Variables that were significant in NPMR included time, air temperature, total phosphorus, winter temperature, and winter values for the North Atlantic Oscillation. The change from spring to summer chlorophyll-a maxima, relatively sudden in an ecological context, could be interpreted as a regime shift. The cause was probably cascading effects from increased winter temperatures, reduced winter mixing, and altered nutrient dynamics. Future trends will depend on climate change and inter-decadal climate drivers.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/6/866global warmingoligo-mesotrophic lakesoptical sensors |
| spellingShingle | Gary Free Mariano Bresciani Monica Pinardi Nicola Ghirardi Giulia Luciani Rossana Caroni Claudia Giardino Detecting Climate Driven Changes in Chlorophyll-a in Deep Subalpine Lakes Using Long Term Satellite Data Water global warming oligo-mesotrophic lakes optical sensors |
| title | Detecting Climate Driven Changes in Chlorophyll-a in Deep Subalpine Lakes Using Long Term Satellite Data |
| title_full | Detecting Climate Driven Changes in Chlorophyll-a in Deep Subalpine Lakes Using Long Term Satellite Data |
| title_fullStr | Detecting Climate Driven Changes in Chlorophyll-a in Deep Subalpine Lakes Using Long Term Satellite Data |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detecting Climate Driven Changes in Chlorophyll-a in Deep Subalpine Lakes Using Long Term Satellite Data |
| title_short | Detecting Climate Driven Changes in Chlorophyll-a in Deep Subalpine Lakes Using Long Term Satellite Data |
| title_sort | detecting climate driven changes in chlorophyll a in deep subalpine lakes using long term satellite data |
| topic | global warming oligo-mesotrophic lakes optical sensors |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/6/866 |
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