Simulation of semi-arid biomass plantations and irrigation using the WRF-NOAH model – a comparison with observations from Israel
A 10 × 10 km irrigated biomass plantation was simulated in an arid region of Israel to simulate diurnal energy balances during the summer of 2012 (JJA). The goal is to examine daytime horizontal flux gradients between plantation and desert. Simulations were carried out within the coupled WRF-NOAH at...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2014-05-01
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| Series: | Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |
| Online Access: | http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/18/1761/2014/hess-18-1761-2014.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818358206194253824 |
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| author | O. Branch K. Warrach-Sagi V. Wulfmeyer S. Cohen |
| author_facet | O. Branch K. Warrach-Sagi V. Wulfmeyer S. Cohen |
| author_sort | O. Branch |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A 10 × 10 km irrigated biomass plantation was simulated in an arid
region of Israel to simulate diurnal energy balances during the summer of
2012 (JJA). The goal is to examine daytime horizontal flux gradients between
plantation and desert. Simulations were carried out within the coupled
WRF-NOAH atmosphere/land surface model. MODIS land surface data was adjusted
by prescribing tailored land surface and soil/plant parameters, and by
adding a controllable sub-surface irrigation scheme to NOAH. Two model cases
studies were compared – <i>Impact</i> and <i>Control</i>. Impact simulates the irrigated plantation.
Control simulates the existing land surface, where the predominant land surface is
bare desert soil. Central to the study is parameter validation against land
surface observations from a desert site and from a 400 ha <i>Simmondsia chinensis</i> (jojoba)
plantation. Control was validated with desert observations, and Impact with Jojoba
observations. Model evapotranspiration was validated with two
Penman–Monteith estimates based on the observations.
<br><br>
Control simulates daytime desert conditions with a maximum deviation for surface 2 m air temperatures (<i>T</i>2)
of 0.2 °C, vapour pressure deficit (VPD) of 0.25 hPa, wind
speed (<i>U</i>) of 0.5 m s<sup>−1</sup>, surface radiation (<i>R</i><sub>n</sub>) of 25 W m<sup>−2</sup>,
soil heat flux (<i>G</i>) of 30 W m<sup>−2</sup> and 5 cm soil temperatures (ST5) of
1.5 °C. Impact simulates irrigated vegetation conditions with a maximum deviation for <i>T</i>2 of 1–1.5 °C,
VPD of 0.5 hPa, <i>U</i> of 0.5 m s<sup>−1</sup>, <i>R</i><sub>n</sub> of 50 W m<sup>−5</sup>,
<i>G</i> of 40 W m<sup>−2</sup> and ST5 of 2 °C.
Latent heat curves in Impact correspond closely with Penman–Monteith estimates,
and magnitudes of 160 W m<sup>−2</sup> over the plantation are usual. Sensible heat
fluxes, are around 450 W m<sup>−2</sup> and are at least 100–110 W m<sup>−2</sup>
higher than the surrounding desert. This surplus is driven by reduced albedo
and high surface resistance, and demonstrates that high evaporation rates
may not occur over Jojoba if irrigation is optimized. Furthermore, increased
daytime <i>T</i>2 over plantations highlight the need for hourly as well as daily
mean statistics. Daily mean statistics alone may imply an overall cooling
effect due to surplus nocturnal cooling, when in fact a daytime warming
effect is observed. |
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| id | doaj.art-7cd332d345f14b14a2cc7425bf0abc27 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1027-5606 1607-7938 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T20:25:19Z |
| publishDate | 2014-05-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-7cd332d345f14b14a2cc7425bf0abc272022-12-21T23:32:35ZengCopernicus PublicationsHydrology and Earth System Sciences1027-56061607-79382014-05-011851761178310.5194/hess-18-1761-2014Simulation of semi-arid biomass plantations and irrigation using the WRF-NOAH model – a comparison with observations from IsraelO. Branch0K. Warrach-Sagi1V. Wulfmeyer2S. Cohen3Institute of Physics and Meteorology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, GermanyInstitute of Physics and Meteorology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, GermanyInstitute of Physics and Meteorology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, GermanyInstitute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, IsraelA 10 × 10 km irrigated biomass plantation was simulated in an arid region of Israel to simulate diurnal energy balances during the summer of 2012 (JJA). The goal is to examine daytime horizontal flux gradients between plantation and desert. Simulations were carried out within the coupled WRF-NOAH atmosphere/land surface model. MODIS land surface data was adjusted by prescribing tailored land surface and soil/plant parameters, and by adding a controllable sub-surface irrigation scheme to NOAH. Two model cases studies were compared – <i>Impact</i> and <i>Control</i>. Impact simulates the irrigated plantation. Control simulates the existing land surface, where the predominant land surface is bare desert soil. Central to the study is parameter validation against land surface observations from a desert site and from a 400 ha <i>Simmondsia chinensis</i> (jojoba) plantation. Control was validated with desert observations, and Impact with Jojoba observations. Model evapotranspiration was validated with two Penman–Monteith estimates based on the observations. <br><br> Control simulates daytime desert conditions with a maximum deviation for surface 2 m air temperatures (<i>T</i>2) of 0.2 °C, vapour pressure deficit (VPD) of 0.25 hPa, wind speed (<i>U</i>) of 0.5 m s<sup>−1</sup>, surface radiation (<i>R</i><sub>n</sub>) of 25 W m<sup>−2</sup>, soil heat flux (<i>G</i>) of 30 W m<sup>−2</sup> and 5 cm soil temperatures (ST5) of 1.5 °C. Impact simulates irrigated vegetation conditions with a maximum deviation for <i>T</i>2 of 1–1.5 °C, VPD of 0.5 hPa, <i>U</i> of 0.5 m s<sup>−1</sup>, <i>R</i><sub>n</sub> of 50 W m<sup>−5</sup>, <i>G</i> of 40 W m<sup>−2</sup> and ST5 of 2 °C. Latent heat curves in Impact correspond closely with Penman–Monteith estimates, and magnitudes of 160 W m<sup>−2</sup> over the plantation are usual. Sensible heat fluxes, are around 450 W m<sup>−2</sup> and are at least 100–110 W m<sup>−2</sup> higher than the surrounding desert. This surplus is driven by reduced albedo and high surface resistance, and demonstrates that high evaporation rates may not occur over Jojoba if irrigation is optimized. Furthermore, increased daytime <i>T</i>2 over plantations highlight the need for hourly as well as daily mean statistics. Daily mean statistics alone may imply an overall cooling effect due to surplus nocturnal cooling, when in fact a daytime warming effect is observed.http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/18/1761/2014/hess-18-1761-2014.pdf |
| spellingShingle | O. Branch K. Warrach-Sagi V. Wulfmeyer S. Cohen Simulation of semi-arid biomass plantations and irrigation using the WRF-NOAH model – a comparison with observations from Israel Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |
| title | Simulation of semi-arid biomass plantations and irrigation using the WRF-NOAH model – a comparison with observations from Israel |
| title_full | Simulation of semi-arid biomass plantations and irrigation using the WRF-NOAH model – a comparison with observations from Israel |
| title_fullStr | Simulation of semi-arid biomass plantations and irrigation using the WRF-NOAH model – a comparison with observations from Israel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Simulation of semi-arid biomass plantations and irrigation using the WRF-NOAH model – a comparison with observations from Israel |
| title_short | Simulation of semi-arid biomass plantations and irrigation using the WRF-NOAH model – a comparison with observations from Israel |
| title_sort | simulation of semi arid biomass plantations and irrigation using the wrf noah model ndash a comparison with observations from israel |
| url | http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/18/1761/2014/hess-18-1761-2014.pdf |
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