Diversity and distribution of air-breathing sea slug genus Peronia Fleming, 1822 (Gastropoda: Onchidiidae) in southern Japanese waters
Species of the genus Peronia Fleming, 1822, are air-breathing onchidiid sea slugs that inhabit intertidal reef flats of temperate to tropical zones. In the Ryukyu Islands of southern subtropical Japan, Peronia species are a traditional food source for local people. To date, there have been three spe...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
PeerJ Inc.
2022-07-01
|
| Series: | PeerJ |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/13720.pdf |
| _version_ | 1827612179480707072 |
|---|---|
| author | Iori Mizukami Chloé Julie Loïs Fourreau Sakine Matsuo James Davis Reimer |
| author_facet | Iori Mizukami Chloé Julie Loïs Fourreau Sakine Matsuo James Davis Reimer |
| author_sort | Iori Mizukami |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Species of the genus Peronia Fleming, 1822, are air-breathing onchidiid sea slugs that inhabit intertidal reef flats of temperate to tropical zones. In the Ryukyu Islands of southern subtropical Japan, Peronia species are a traditional food source for local people. To date, there have been three species recorded around Okinawajima Island; P. verruculata and P. peronii, along with recently described P. okinawensis, which was described as possibly endemic to Okinawajima Island. This study aimed to map the distribution ranges of these three Peronia species within the Ryukyu Islands using molecular analyses in order to understand the specific distribution of each species. Since Peronia species are generally indistinguishable by gross external morphology, a DNA barcoding approach was employed to identify specimens. The molecular data showed that there are four species present in the Ryukyu Islands. P. verruculata (unit #1 sensu Dayrat et al., 2020) was dominant at almost all locations, while P. peronii was present in much lower numbers than P. verruculata, but found across a relatively wide range in the Ryukyu Islands. We newly record P. okinawensis and P. setoensis from Amami Oshima Island and from several places around Okinawajima Island, and also identified high levels of genetic variation within P. setoensis. Peronia okinawensis and P. setoensis have been thought to be endemic to Okinawajima Island and to Honshu, mainland Japan, respectively. However, as both species were observed around Okinawajima and Amami Oshima islands, other islands of the Ryukyus are also likely to harbor these species, and their distribution ranges are wider than previously thought. Based on the results from molecular analyses, we provide general descriptions of each species. Sizes of specimens were consistently smaller for P. setoensis and relatively larger for P. peronii specimens. On the other hand, P. verruculata and P. okinawensis had similar size ranges, but P. okinawensis had comparatively much more distinct papillae. This study revealed that the Ryukyu Islands are the only region currently known with four sympatric Peronia species, and this work provides a basis for future research on these Peronia species throughout the northwest Pacific Ocean, representing the first step in more effective management of the local Peronia fisheries in the Ryukyu Islands. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T08:18:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7cdc1f92e16d42799c7f753d1a2e24ce |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T08:18:37Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PeerJ |
| spelling | doaj.art-7cdc1f92e16d42799c7f753d1a2e24ce2023-12-02T21:55:52ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592022-07-0110e1372010.7717/peerj.13720Diversity and distribution of air-breathing sea slug genus Peronia Fleming, 1822 (Gastropoda: Onchidiidae) in southern Japanese watersIori Mizukami0Chloé Julie Loïs Fourreau1Sakine Matsuo2James Davis Reimer3Molecular Invertebrate of Systematics and Ecology (MISE) Lab, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, JapanMolecular Invertebrate of Systematics and Ecology (MISE) Lab, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, JapanMolecular Invertebrate of Systematics and Ecology (MISE) Lab, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, JapanMolecular Invertebrate of Systematics and Ecology (MISE) Lab, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, JapanSpecies of the genus Peronia Fleming, 1822, are air-breathing onchidiid sea slugs that inhabit intertidal reef flats of temperate to tropical zones. In the Ryukyu Islands of southern subtropical Japan, Peronia species are a traditional food source for local people. To date, there have been three species recorded around Okinawajima Island; P. verruculata and P. peronii, along with recently described P. okinawensis, which was described as possibly endemic to Okinawajima Island. This study aimed to map the distribution ranges of these three Peronia species within the Ryukyu Islands using molecular analyses in order to understand the specific distribution of each species. Since Peronia species are generally indistinguishable by gross external morphology, a DNA barcoding approach was employed to identify specimens. The molecular data showed that there are four species present in the Ryukyu Islands. P. verruculata (unit #1 sensu Dayrat et al., 2020) was dominant at almost all locations, while P. peronii was present in much lower numbers than P. verruculata, but found across a relatively wide range in the Ryukyu Islands. We newly record P. okinawensis and P. setoensis from Amami Oshima Island and from several places around Okinawajima Island, and also identified high levels of genetic variation within P. setoensis. Peronia okinawensis and P. setoensis have been thought to be endemic to Okinawajima Island and to Honshu, mainland Japan, respectively. However, as both species were observed around Okinawajima and Amami Oshima islands, other islands of the Ryukyus are also likely to harbor these species, and their distribution ranges are wider than previously thought. Based on the results from molecular analyses, we provide general descriptions of each species. Sizes of specimens were consistently smaller for P. setoensis and relatively larger for P. peronii specimens. On the other hand, P. verruculata and P. okinawensis had similar size ranges, but P. okinawensis had comparatively much more distinct papillae. This study revealed that the Ryukyu Islands are the only region currently known with four sympatric Peronia species, and this work provides a basis for future research on these Peronia species throughout the northwest Pacific Ocean, representing the first step in more effective management of the local Peronia fisheries in the Ryukyu Islands.https://peerj.com/articles/13720.pdfRyukyu IslandsOkinawajima IslandDNA barcodingMarine biodiversityMolluscaPhylogeny |
| spellingShingle | Iori Mizukami Chloé Julie Loïs Fourreau Sakine Matsuo James Davis Reimer Diversity and distribution of air-breathing sea slug genus Peronia Fleming, 1822 (Gastropoda: Onchidiidae) in southern Japanese waters PeerJ Ryukyu Islands Okinawajima Island DNA barcoding Marine biodiversity Mollusca Phylogeny |
| title | Diversity and distribution of air-breathing sea slug genus Peronia Fleming, 1822 (Gastropoda: Onchidiidae) in southern Japanese waters |
| title_full | Diversity and distribution of air-breathing sea slug genus Peronia Fleming, 1822 (Gastropoda: Onchidiidae) in southern Japanese waters |
| title_fullStr | Diversity and distribution of air-breathing sea slug genus Peronia Fleming, 1822 (Gastropoda: Onchidiidae) in southern Japanese waters |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diversity and distribution of air-breathing sea slug genus Peronia Fleming, 1822 (Gastropoda: Onchidiidae) in southern Japanese waters |
| title_short | Diversity and distribution of air-breathing sea slug genus Peronia Fleming, 1822 (Gastropoda: Onchidiidae) in southern Japanese waters |
| title_sort | diversity and distribution of air breathing sea slug genus peronia fleming 1822 gastropoda onchidiidae in southern japanese waters |
| topic | Ryukyu Islands Okinawajima Island DNA barcoding Marine biodiversity Mollusca Phylogeny |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/13720.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT iorimizukami diversityanddistributionofairbreathingseasluggenusperoniafleming1822gastropodaonchidiidaeinsouthernjapanesewaters AT chloejulieloisfourreau diversityanddistributionofairbreathingseasluggenusperoniafleming1822gastropodaonchidiidaeinsouthernjapanesewaters AT sakinematsuo diversityanddistributionofairbreathingseasluggenusperoniafleming1822gastropodaonchidiidaeinsouthernjapanesewaters AT jamesdavisreimer diversityanddistributionofairbreathingseasluggenusperoniafleming1822gastropodaonchidiidaeinsouthernjapanesewaters |