Aflatoxin Biosynthesis, Genetic Regulation, Toxicity, and Control Strategies: A Review
Aflatoxins (AFs) are highly toxic and cancer-causing compounds, predominantly synthesized by the <i>Aspergillus</i> species. AFs biosynthesis is a lengthy process that requires as minimum as 30 genes grouped inside 75 kilobytes (kB) of gene clusters, which are regulated by specific trans...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/8/606 |
| _version_ | 1797523274099326976 |
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| author | Rahim Khan Farinazleen Mohamad Ghazali Nor Ainy Mahyudin Nik Iskandar Putra Samsudin |
| author_facet | Rahim Khan Farinazleen Mohamad Ghazali Nor Ainy Mahyudin Nik Iskandar Putra Samsudin |
| author_sort | Rahim Khan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aflatoxins (AFs) are highly toxic and cancer-causing compounds, predominantly synthesized by the <i>Aspergillus</i> species. AFs biosynthesis is a lengthy process that requires as minimum as 30 genes grouped inside 75 kilobytes (kB) of gene clusters, which are regulated by specific transcription factors, including <i>aflR</i>, <i>aflS</i>, and some general transcription factors. This paper summarizes the status of research on characterizing structural and regulatory genes associated with AF production and their roles in aflatoxigenic fungi, particularly <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> and <i>A. parasiticus</i>, and enhances the current understanding of AFs that adversely affect humans and animals with a great emphasis on toxicity and preventive methods. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:41:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7ce13e843b9645b4bc840b2bf3321123 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:41:04Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-7ce13e843b9645b4bc840b2bf33211232023-11-22T08:16:39ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2021-07-017860610.3390/jof7080606Aflatoxin Biosynthesis, Genetic Regulation, Toxicity, and Control Strategies: A ReviewRahim Khan0Farinazleen Mohamad Ghazali1Nor Ainy Mahyudin2Nik Iskandar Putra Samsudin3Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, MalaysiaDepartment of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, MalaysiaDepartment of Food Service and Management, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, MalaysiaDepartment of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, MalaysiaAflatoxins (AFs) are highly toxic and cancer-causing compounds, predominantly synthesized by the <i>Aspergillus</i> species. AFs biosynthesis is a lengthy process that requires as minimum as 30 genes grouped inside 75 kilobytes (kB) of gene clusters, which are regulated by specific transcription factors, including <i>aflR</i>, <i>aflS</i>, and some general transcription factors. This paper summarizes the status of research on characterizing structural and regulatory genes associated with AF production and their roles in aflatoxigenic fungi, particularly <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> and <i>A. parasiticus</i>, and enhances the current understanding of AFs that adversely affect humans and animals with a great emphasis on toxicity and preventive methods.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/8/606aflatoxinsbiosynthetic pathwaygenetic regulationtoxicitycontrol strategies |
| spellingShingle | Rahim Khan Farinazleen Mohamad Ghazali Nor Ainy Mahyudin Nik Iskandar Putra Samsudin Aflatoxin Biosynthesis, Genetic Regulation, Toxicity, and Control Strategies: A Review Journal of Fungi aflatoxins biosynthetic pathway genetic regulation toxicity control strategies |
| title | Aflatoxin Biosynthesis, Genetic Regulation, Toxicity, and Control Strategies: A Review |
| title_full | Aflatoxin Biosynthesis, Genetic Regulation, Toxicity, and Control Strategies: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Aflatoxin Biosynthesis, Genetic Regulation, Toxicity, and Control Strategies: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Aflatoxin Biosynthesis, Genetic Regulation, Toxicity, and Control Strategies: A Review |
| title_short | Aflatoxin Biosynthesis, Genetic Regulation, Toxicity, and Control Strategies: A Review |
| title_sort | aflatoxin biosynthesis genetic regulation toxicity and control strategies a review |
| topic | aflatoxins biosynthetic pathway genetic regulation toxicity control strategies |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/8/606 |
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