Implementation of Virtual Sensors for Monitoring Temperature in Greenhouses Using CFD and Control
Virtual sensing is crucial in order to provide feasible and economical alternatives when physical measuring instruments are not available. Developing model-based virtual sensors to calculate real-time information at each targeted location is a complex endeavor in terms of sensing technology. This pa...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-12-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/1/60 |
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| author | Cesar H. Guzmán José L. Carrera Héctor A. Durán Javier Berumen Arturo A. Ortiz Omar A. Guirette Angélica Arroyo Jorge A. Brizuela Fabio Gómez Andrés Blanco Héctor R. Azcaray Marlen Hernández |
| author_facet | Cesar H. Guzmán José L. Carrera Héctor A. Durán Javier Berumen Arturo A. Ortiz Omar A. Guirette Angélica Arroyo Jorge A. Brizuela Fabio Gómez Andrés Blanco Héctor R. Azcaray Marlen Hernández |
| author_sort | Cesar H. Guzmán |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Virtual sensing is crucial in order to provide feasible and economical alternatives when physical measuring instruments are not available. Developing model-based virtual sensors to calculate real-time information at each targeted location is a complex endeavor in terms of sensing technology. This paper proposes a new approach for model-based virtual sensor development using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and control. Its main objective is to develop a three-dimensional (3D) real-time simulator using virtual sensors to monitor the temperature in a greenhouse. To conduct this study, a small-scale greenhouse was designed, modeled, and fabricated. The controller was based on the convection heat transfer equation under specific assumptions and conditions. To determine the temperature distribution in the greenhouse, a CFD analysis was conducted. Only one well-calibrated and controlled physical sensor (temperature reference) was enough for the CFD analysis. After processing the result that was obtained from the real sensor output, each virtual sensor had learned the associative transfer function that estimated the output from given input data, resulting in a 3D real-time simulator. This study has demonstrated, for the first time, that CFD analysis and a control strategy can be combined to obtain system models for monitoring the temperature in greenhouses. These findings suggest that, generally, virtual sensing can be applied in large greenhouses for monitoring the temperature using a 3D real-time simulator. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T18:38:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7cebe96b8fd34ddbb85bc7f0863a3f53 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T18:38:37Z |
| publishDate | 2018-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-7cebe96b8fd34ddbb85bc7f0863a3f532022-12-22T04:09:04ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202018-12-011916010.3390/s19010060s19010060Implementation of Virtual Sensors for Monitoring Temperature in Greenhouses Using CFD and ControlCesar H. Guzmán0José L. Carrera1Héctor A. Durán2Javier Berumen3Arturo A. Ortiz4Omar A. Guirette5Angélica Arroyo6Jorge A. Brizuela7Fabio Gómez8Andrés Blanco9Héctor R. Azcaray10Marlen Hernández11Departamento de Ingeniería Mecatrónica, Universidad Politécnica de Zacatecas, Fresnillo 99080, MexicoDepartamento de Ingeniería Mecatrónica, Universidad Politécnica de Zacatecas, Fresnillo 99080, MexicoDepartamento de Ingeniería Mecatrónica, Universidad Politécnica de Zacatecas, Fresnillo 99080, MexicoDepartamento de Ingeniería Mecatrónica, Universidad Politécnica de Zacatecas, Fresnillo 99080, MexicoDepartamento de Ingeniería Mecatrónica, Universidad Politécnica de Zacatecas, Fresnillo 99080, MexicoDepartamento de Ingeniería Mecatrónica, Universidad Politécnica de Zacatecas, Fresnillo 99080, MexicoDepartamento de Ingeniería Mecatrónica, Universidad Politécnica de Zacatecas, Fresnillo 99080, MexicoCentro Universitario de los Valles, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ameca 46600, MexicoUnidad Académica Puerto Vallarta, Instituto Tecnológico José Mario Molina Pasquel y Henríquez, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Puerto Vallarta 48338, MexicoCentro Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico (Cenidet), Tecnológico Nacional de México, Cuernavaca 62490, MexicoCentro Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico (Cenidet), Tecnológico Nacional de México, Cuernavaca 62490, MexicoUnidad Académica de Matemáticas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98060, MexicoVirtual sensing is crucial in order to provide feasible and economical alternatives when physical measuring instruments are not available. Developing model-based virtual sensors to calculate real-time information at each targeted location is a complex endeavor in terms of sensing technology. This paper proposes a new approach for model-based virtual sensor development using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and control. Its main objective is to develop a three-dimensional (3D) real-time simulator using virtual sensors to monitor the temperature in a greenhouse. To conduct this study, a small-scale greenhouse was designed, modeled, and fabricated. The controller was based on the convection heat transfer equation under specific assumptions and conditions. To determine the temperature distribution in the greenhouse, a CFD analysis was conducted. Only one well-calibrated and controlled physical sensor (temperature reference) was enough for the CFD analysis. After processing the result that was obtained from the real sensor output, each virtual sensor had learned the associative transfer function that estimated the output from given input data, resulting in a 3D real-time simulator. This study has demonstrated, for the first time, that CFD analysis and a control strategy can be combined to obtain system models for monitoring the temperature in greenhouses. These findings suggest that, generally, virtual sensing can be applied in large greenhouses for monitoring the temperature using a 3D real-time simulator.http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/1/60CFDgreenhousemonitoringvirtual sensortemperature control |
| spellingShingle | Cesar H. Guzmán José L. Carrera Héctor A. Durán Javier Berumen Arturo A. Ortiz Omar A. Guirette Angélica Arroyo Jorge A. Brizuela Fabio Gómez Andrés Blanco Héctor R. Azcaray Marlen Hernández Implementation of Virtual Sensors for Monitoring Temperature in Greenhouses Using CFD and Control Sensors CFD greenhouse monitoring virtual sensor temperature control |
| title | Implementation of Virtual Sensors for Monitoring Temperature in Greenhouses Using CFD and Control |
| title_full | Implementation of Virtual Sensors for Monitoring Temperature in Greenhouses Using CFD and Control |
| title_fullStr | Implementation of Virtual Sensors for Monitoring Temperature in Greenhouses Using CFD and Control |
| title_full_unstemmed | Implementation of Virtual Sensors for Monitoring Temperature in Greenhouses Using CFD and Control |
| title_short | Implementation of Virtual Sensors for Monitoring Temperature in Greenhouses Using CFD and Control |
| title_sort | implementation of virtual sensors for monitoring temperature in greenhouses using cfd and control |
| topic | CFD greenhouse monitoring virtual sensor temperature control |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/1/60 |
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