Cache a Killer: Cache Valley virus seropositivity and associated farm management risk factors in sheep in Ontario, Canada
Cache Valley virus (CVV) disease is a mosquito-borne zoonosis endemic to North America. CVV disease is reported most often in sheep, causing lethal congenital deformities. There are limited data on CVV in Ontario, which is the largest sheep producing province in Canada. This study aimed to determine...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2023-01-01
|
| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10449202/?tool=EBI |
| _version_ | 1797736621900038144 |
|---|---|
| author | Michele D. Bergevin Victoria Ng Paula Menzies Antoinette Ludwig Samira Mubareka Katie M. Clow |
| author_facet | Michele D. Bergevin Victoria Ng Paula Menzies Antoinette Ludwig Samira Mubareka Katie M. Clow |
| author_sort | Michele D. Bergevin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cache Valley virus (CVV) disease is a mosquito-borne zoonosis endemic to North America. CVV disease is reported most often in sheep, causing lethal congenital deformities. There are limited data on CVV in Ontario, which is the largest sheep producing province in Canada. This study aimed to determine CVV seroprevalence in Ontario sheep flocks and investigate farm management factors associated with CVV exposure. A cross-sectional study was performed including 364 mature ewes across 18 farms selected from the five largest sheep districts in the province. A questionnaire was administered at each farm to determine farm management practices pertinent to the flock and ewes specifically sampled. Mixed multivariable logistic regression with a random effect for farm was conducted to assess associations between CVV seropositivity (outcome variable) and farm management risk factors (predictor variables). CVV seroprevalence was 33.2% in individual ewes (95% CI: 28.4%-38.1%) as determined by a virus neutralization assay with a titre > 4. Sixteen of the eighteen flocks (88.9%) had at least one CVV seropositive ewe. Increased age, smaller flock size, and sheep housing near wetlands, lakes, or ponds were found to be significantly associated with higher odds of CVV seropositivity. These findings are valuable in guiding breeding practices and housing during mosquito season to minimize infection and, ultimately, CVV disease in the flock. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T13:16:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7cedde20a2c942aeb7597cf7aa82ce6e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T13:16:35Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-7cedde20a2c942aeb7597cf7aa82ce6e2023-08-27T05:32:02ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032023-01-01188Cache a Killer: Cache Valley virus seropositivity and associated farm management risk factors in sheep in Ontario, CanadaMichele D. BergevinVictoria NgPaula MenziesAntoinette LudwigSamira MubarekaKatie M. ClowCache Valley virus (CVV) disease is a mosquito-borne zoonosis endemic to North America. CVV disease is reported most often in sheep, causing lethal congenital deformities. There are limited data on CVV in Ontario, which is the largest sheep producing province in Canada. This study aimed to determine CVV seroprevalence in Ontario sheep flocks and investigate farm management factors associated with CVV exposure. A cross-sectional study was performed including 364 mature ewes across 18 farms selected from the five largest sheep districts in the province. A questionnaire was administered at each farm to determine farm management practices pertinent to the flock and ewes specifically sampled. Mixed multivariable logistic regression with a random effect for farm was conducted to assess associations between CVV seropositivity (outcome variable) and farm management risk factors (predictor variables). CVV seroprevalence was 33.2% in individual ewes (95% CI: 28.4%-38.1%) as determined by a virus neutralization assay with a titre > 4. Sixteen of the eighteen flocks (88.9%) had at least one CVV seropositive ewe. Increased age, smaller flock size, and sheep housing near wetlands, lakes, or ponds were found to be significantly associated with higher odds of CVV seropositivity. These findings are valuable in guiding breeding practices and housing during mosquito season to minimize infection and, ultimately, CVV disease in the flock.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10449202/?tool=EBI |
| spellingShingle | Michele D. Bergevin Victoria Ng Paula Menzies Antoinette Ludwig Samira Mubareka Katie M. Clow Cache a Killer: Cache Valley virus seropositivity and associated farm management risk factors in sheep in Ontario, Canada PLoS ONE |
| title | Cache a Killer: Cache Valley virus seropositivity and associated farm management risk factors in sheep in Ontario, Canada |
| title_full | Cache a Killer: Cache Valley virus seropositivity and associated farm management risk factors in sheep in Ontario, Canada |
| title_fullStr | Cache a Killer: Cache Valley virus seropositivity and associated farm management risk factors in sheep in Ontario, Canada |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cache a Killer: Cache Valley virus seropositivity and associated farm management risk factors in sheep in Ontario, Canada |
| title_short | Cache a Killer: Cache Valley virus seropositivity and associated farm management risk factors in sheep in Ontario, Canada |
| title_sort | cache a killer cache valley virus seropositivity and associated farm management risk factors in sheep in ontario canada |
| url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10449202/?tool=EBI |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT micheledbergevin cacheakillercachevalleyvirusseropositivityandassociatedfarmmanagementriskfactorsinsheepinontariocanada AT victoriang cacheakillercachevalleyvirusseropositivityandassociatedfarmmanagementriskfactorsinsheepinontariocanada AT paulamenzies cacheakillercachevalleyvirusseropositivityandassociatedfarmmanagementriskfactorsinsheepinontariocanada AT antoinetteludwig cacheakillercachevalleyvirusseropositivityandassociatedfarmmanagementriskfactorsinsheepinontariocanada AT samiramubareka cacheakillercachevalleyvirusseropositivityandassociatedfarmmanagementriskfactorsinsheepinontariocanada AT katiemclow cacheakillercachevalleyvirusseropositivityandassociatedfarmmanagementriskfactorsinsheepinontariocanada |