Signs and Symptoms of Central Nervous System Involvement and Their Pathogenesis in COVID-19 According to The Clinical Data (Review)
Detailed clinical assessment of the central nervous system involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infection is relevant due to the low specificity of neurological manifestations, the complexity of evaluation of patient complaints, reduced awareness of the existing spectrum of neurological manifestations of COVID...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow, Russia
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Общая реаниматология |
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| Online Access: | https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2083 |
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| author | N. V. Tsygan A. P. Trashkov A. V. Ryabtsev V. A. Yakovleva A. L. Konevega A. G. Vasiliev V. N. Tsygan M. M. Odinak I. V. Litvinenko |
| author_facet | N. V. Tsygan A. P. Trashkov A. V. Ryabtsev V. A. Yakovleva A. L. Konevega A. G. Vasiliev V. N. Tsygan M. M. Odinak I. V. Litvinenko |
| author_sort | N. V. Tsygan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Detailed clinical assessment of the central nervous system involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infection is relevant due to the low specificity of neurological manifestations, the complexity of evaluation of patient complaints, reduced awareness of the existing spectrum of neurological manifestations of COVID-19, as well as low yield of the neurological imaging.The aim. To reveal the patterns of central nervous system involvement in COVID-19 and its pathogenesis based on clinical data.Among more than 200 primary literature sources from various databases (Scopus, Web of Science, RSCI, etc.), 80 sources were selected for evaluation, of them 72 were published in the recent years (2016-2020). The criteria for exclusion of sources were low relevance and outdated information.The clinical manifestations of central nervous system involvement in COVID-19 include smell (5-98% of cases) and taste disorders (6-89%), dysphonia (28%), dysphagia (19%), consciousness disorders (3-53%), headache (0-70%), dizziness (0-20%), and, in less than 3% of cases, visual impairment, hearing impairment, ataxia, seizures, stroke. Analysis of the literature data revealed the following significant mechanisms of the effects of highly contagious coronaviruses (including SARS-CoV-2) on the central nervous system: neurodegeneration (including cytokine- induced); cerebral thrombosis and thromboembolism; damage to the neurovascular unit; immune-mediated damage of nervous tissue, resulting in infection and allergy-induced demyelination.The neurological signs and symptoms seen in COVID-19 such as headache, dizziness, impaired smell and taste, altered level of consciousness, bulbar disorders (dysphagia, dysphonia) have been examined. Accordingly, we discussed the possible routes of SARS-CoV-2 entry into the central nervous system and the mechanisms of nervous tissue damage.Based on the literature analysis, a high frequency and variability of central nervous system manifestations of COVID-19 were revealed, and an important role of vascular brain damage and neurodegeneration in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 was highlighted. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T01:27:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7d001d332c5540469bc3b88456468b0e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1813-9779 2411-7110 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-03-14T09:43:54Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow, Russia |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Общая реаниматология |
| spelling | doaj.art-7d001d332c5540469bc3b88456468b0e2025-03-02T11:29:38ZengFederal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow, RussiaОбщая реаниматология1813-97792411-71102021-07-01173657710.15360/1813-9779-2021-3-65-771797Signs and Symptoms of Central Nervous System Involvement and Their Pathogenesis in COVID-19 According to The Clinical Data (Review)N. V. Tsygan0A. P. Trashkov1A. V. Ryabtsev2V. A. Yakovleva3A. L. Konevega4A. G. Vasiliev5V. N. Tsygan6M. M. Odinak7I. V. Litvinenko8Konstantinov St. Petersburg Institute for Nuclear Physics, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute; National Research Center Kurchatov Institute; Kirov Military Medical AcademyKonstantinov St. Petersburg Institute for Nuclear Physics, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute; National Research Center Kurchatov InstituteKonstantinov St. Petersburg Institute for Nuclear Physics, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute; National Research Center Kurchatov Institute; Kirov Military Medical AcademyKonstantinov St. Petersburg Institute for Nuclear Physics, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute; National Research Center Kurchatov Institute; Kirov Military Medical AcademyKonstantinov St. Petersburg Institute for Nuclear Physics, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute; National Research Center Kurchatov InstituteSaint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical UniversityKirov Military Medical AcademyKirov Military Medical AcademyKirov Military Medical AcademyDetailed clinical assessment of the central nervous system involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infection is relevant due to the low specificity of neurological manifestations, the complexity of evaluation of patient complaints, reduced awareness of the existing spectrum of neurological manifestations of COVID-19, as well as low yield of the neurological imaging.The aim. To reveal the patterns of central nervous system involvement in COVID-19 and its pathogenesis based on clinical data.Among more than 200 primary literature sources from various databases (Scopus, Web of Science, RSCI, etc.), 80 sources were selected for evaluation, of them 72 were published in the recent years (2016-2020). The criteria for exclusion of sources were low relevance and outdated information.The clinical manifestations of central nervous system involvement in COVID-19 include smell (5-98% of cases) and taste disorders (6-89%), dysphonia (28%), dysphagia (19%), consciousness disorders (3-53%), headache (0-70%), dizziness (0-20%), and, in less than 3% of cases, visual impairment, hearing impairment, ataxia, seizures, stroke. Analysis of the literature data revealed the following significant mechanisms of the effects of highly contagious coronaviruses (including SARS-CoV-2) on the central nervous system: neurodegeneration (including cytokine- induced); cerebral thrombosis and thromboembolism; damage to the neurovascular unit; immune-mediated damage of nervous tissue, resulting in infection and allergy-induced demyelination.The neurological signs and symptoms seen in COVID-19 such as headache, dizziness, impaired smell and taste, altered level of consciousness, bulbar disorders (dysphagia, dysphonia) have been examined. Accordingly, we discussed the possible routes of SARS-CoV-2 entry into the central nervous system and the mechanisms of nervous tissue damage.Based on the literature analysis, a high frequency and variability of central nervous system manifestations of COVID-19 were revealed, and an important role of vascular brain damage and neurodegeneration in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 was highlighted.https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2083covid-19sars-cov-2central nervous systemhypoxianeurodegeneration |
| spellingShingle | N. V. Tsygan A. P. Trashkov A. V. Ryabtsev V. A. Yakovleva A. L. Konevega A. G. Vasiliev V. N. Tsygan M. M. Odinak I. V. Litvinenko Signs and Symptoms of Central Nervous System Involvement and Their Pathogenesis in COVID-19 According to The Clinical Data (Review) Общая реаниматология covid-19 sars-cov-2 central nervous system hypoxia neurodegeneration |
| title | Signs and Symptoms of Central Nervous System Involvement and Their Pathogenesis in COVID-19 According to The Clinical Data (Review) |
| title_full | Signs and Symptoms of Central Nervous System Involvement and Their Pathogenesis in COVID-19 According to The Clinical Data (Review) |
| title_fullStr | Signs and Symptoms of Central Nervous System Involvement and Their Pathogenesis in COVID-19 According to The Clinical Data (Review) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Signs and Symptoms of Central Nervous System Involvement and Their Pathogenesis in COVID-19 According to The Clinical Data (Review) |
| title_short | Signs and Symptoms of Central Nervous System Involvement and Their Pathogenesis in COVID-19 According to The Clinical Data (Review) |
| title_sort | signs and symptoms of central nervous system involvement and their pathogenesis in covid 19 according to the clinical data review |
| topic | covid-19 sars-cov-2 central nervous system hypoxia neurodegeneration |
| url | https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/2083 |
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