Plastome of mycoheterotrophic Burmannia itoana Mak. (Burmanniaceae) exhibits extensive degradation and distinct rearrangements
Plastomes of heterotrophs went through varying degrees of degradation along with the transition from autotrophic to heterotrophic lifestyle. Here, we identified the plastome of mycoheterotrophic species Burmannia itoana and compared it with those of its reported relatives including three autotrophs...
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PeerJ Inc.
2019-10-01
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| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/7787.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797418190408515584 |
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| author | Xiaojuan Li Xin Qian Gang Yao Zhongtao Zhao Dianxiang Zhang |
| author_facet | Xiaojuan Li Xin Qian Gang Yao Zhongtao Zhao Dianxiang Zhang |
| author_sort | Xiaojuan Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Plastomes of heterotrophs went through varying degrees of degradation along with the transition from autotrophic to heterotrophic lifestyle. Here, we identified the plastome of mycoheterotrophic species Burmannia itoana and compared it with those of its reported relatives including three autotrophs and one heterotroph (Thismia tentaculata) in Dioscoreales. B. itoana yields a rampantly degraded plastome reduced in size and gene numbers at the advanced stages of degradation. Its length is 44,463 bp with a quadripartite structure. B. itoana plastome contains 33 tentatively functional genes and six tentative pseudogenes, including several unusually retained genes. These unusual retention suggest that the inverted repeats (IRs) regions and possibility of being compensated may prolong retention of genes in plastome at the advanced stage of degradation. Otherwise, six rearrangements including four inversions (Inv1/Inv2/Inv3/Inv4) and two translocations (Trans1/Trans2) were detected in B. itoana plastome vs. its autotrophic relative B. disticha. We speculate that Inv1 may be mediated by recombination of distinct tRNA genes, while Inv2 is likely consequence of extreme gene losses due to the shift to heterotrophic lifestyle. The other four rearrangements involved in IRs and small single copy region may attribute to multiple waves of IRs and overlapping inversions. Our study fills the gap of knowledge about plastomes of heterotroph in Burmannia and provides a new evidence for the convergent degradation patterns of plastomes en route to heterotrophic lifestyle. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:28:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7d00bbe51441494fbedd47f99a029c4b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:28:57Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
| publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
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| series | PeerJ |
| spelling | doaj.art-7d00bbe51441494fbedd47f99a029c4b2023-12-03T11:10:21ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592019-10-017e778710.7717/peerj.7787Plastome of mycoheterotrophic Burmannia itoana Mak. (Burmanniaceae) exhibits extensive degradation and distinct rearrangementsXiaojuan Li0Xin Qian1Gang Yao2Zhongtao Zhao3Dianxiang Zhang4Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, ChinaSouth China Limestone Plants Research Center, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, ChinaPlastomes of heterotrophs went through varying degrees of degradation along with the transition from autotrophic to heterotrophic lifestyle. Here, we identified the plastome of mycoheterotrophic species Burmannia itoana and compared it with those of its reported relatives including three autotrophs and one heterotroph (Thismia tentaculata) in Dioscoreales. B. itoana yields a rampantly degraded plastome reduced in size and gene numbers at the advanced stages of degradation. Its length is 44,463 bp with a quadripartite structure. B. itoana plastome contains 33 tentatively functional genes and six tentative pseudogenes, including several unusually retained genes. These unusual retention suggest that the inverted repeats (IRs) regions and possibility of being compensated may prolong retention of genes in plastome at the advanced stage of degradation. Otherwise, six rearrangements including four inversions (Inv1/Inv2/Inv3/Inv4) and two translocations (Trans1/Trans2) were detected in B. itoana plastome vs. its autotrophic relative B. disticha. We speculate that Inv1 may be mediated by recombination of distinct tRNA genes, while Inv2 is likely consequence of extreme gene losses due to the shift to heterotrophic lifestyle. The other four rearrangements involved in IRs and small single copy region may attribute to multiple waves of IRs and overlapping inversions. Our study fills the gap of knowledge about plastomes of heterotroph in Burmannia and provides a new evidence for the convergent degradation patterns of plastomes en route to heterotrophic lifestyle.https://peerj.com/articles/7787.pdfPlastomeHeterotrophRearrangementBurmannia itoanaDegradation |
| spellingShingle | Xiaojuan Li Xin Qian Gang Yao Zhongtao Zhao Dianxiang Zhang Plastome of mycoheterotrophic Burmannia itoana Mak. (Burmanniaceae) exhibits extensive degradation and distinct rearrangements PeerJ Plastome Heterotroph Rearrangement Burmannia itoana Degradation |
| title | Plastome of mycoheterotrophic Burmannia itoana Mak. (Burmanniaceae) exhibits extensive degradation and distinct rearrangements |
| title_full | Plastome of mycoheterotrophic Burmannia itoana Mak. (Burmanniaceae) exhibits extensive degradation and distinct rearrangements |
| title_fullStr | Plastome of mycoheterotrophic Burmannia itoana Mak. (Burmanniaceae) exhibits extensive degradation and distinct rearrangements |
| title_full_unstemmed | Plastome of mycoheterotrophic Burmannia itoana Mak. (Burmanniaceae) exhibits extensive degradation and distinct rearrangements |
| title_short | Plastome of mycoheterotrophic Burmannia itoana Mak. (Burmanniaceae) exhibits extensive degradation and distinct rearrangements |
| title_sort | plastome of mycoheterotrophic burmannia itoana mak burmanniaceae exhibits extensive degradation and distinct rearrangements |
| topic | Plastome Heterotroph Rearrangement Burmannia itoana Degradation |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/7787.pdf |
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