Insight into Factors Influencing Wound Healing Using Phosphorylated Cellulose-Filled-Chitosan Nanocomposite Films
Marine polysaccharides are believed to be promising wound-dressing nanomaterials because of their biocompatibility, antibacterial and hemostatic activity, and ability to easily shape into transparent films, hydrogels, and porous foams that can provide a moist micro-environment and adsorb exudates. C...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/11386 |
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| author | Marta Kędzierska Sara Blilid Katarzyna Miłowska Joanna Kołodziejczyk-Czepas Nadia Katir Mohammed Lahcini Abdelkrim El Kadib Maria Bryszewska |
| author_facet | Marta Kędzierska Sara Blilid Katarzyna Miłowska Joanna Kołodziejczyk-Czepas Nadia Katir Mohammed Lahcini Abdelkrim El Kadib Maria Bryszewska |
| author_sort | Marta Kędzierska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Marine polysaccharides are believed to be promising wound-dressing nanomaterials because of their biocompatibility, antibacterial and hemostatic activity, and ability to easily shape into transparent films, hydrogels, and porous foams that can provide a moist micro-environment and adsorb exudates. Current efforts are firmly focused on the preparation of novel polysaccharide-derived nanomaterials functionalized with chemical objects to meet the mechanical and biological requirements of ideal wound healing systems. In this contribution, we investigated the characteristics of six different cellulose-filled chitosan transparent films as potential factors that could help to accelerate wound healing. Both microcrystalline and nano-sized cellulose, as well as native and phosphorylated cellulose, were used as fillers to simultaneously elucidate the roles of size and functionalization. The assessment of their influences on hemostatic properties indicated that the tested nanocomposites shorten clotting times by affecting both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of the blood coagulation system. We also showed that all biocomposites have antioxidant capacity. Moreover, the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the materials against two cell lines, human BJ fibroblasts and human KERTr keratinocytes, was investigated. The nature of the cellulose used as a filler was found to influence their cytotoxicity at a relatively low level. Potential mechanisms of cytotoxicity were also investigated; only one (phosphorylated microcellulose-filled chitosan films) of the compounds tested produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) to a small extent, and some films reduced the level of ROS, probably due to their antioxidant properties. The transmembrane mitochondrial potential was very slightly lowered. These biocompatible films showed no genotoxicity, and very importantly for wound healing, most of them significantly accelerated migration of both fibroblasts and keratinocytes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:02:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7d06a7accfcf4988958c9a2008469c2c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:02:45Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-7d06a7accfcf4988958c9a2008469c2c2023-11-22T20:51:18ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-10-0122211138610.3390/ijms222111386Insight into Factors Influencing Wound Healing Using Phosphorylated Cellulose-Filled-Chitosan Nanocomposite FilmsMarta Kędzierska0Sara Blilid1Katarzyna Miłowska2Joanna Kołodziejczyk-Czepas3Nadia Katir4Mohammed Lahcini5Abdelkrim El Kadib6Maria Bryszewska7Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, PolandEuromed Research Center, Engineering Division, Euro-Med University of Fes (UEMF), Fès 30070, MoroccoDepartment of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, PolandDepartment of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, PolandEuromed Research Center, Engineering Division, Euro-Med University of Fes (UEMF), Fès 30070, MoroccoLaboratory of Organometallic and Macromolecular Chemistry-Composites Materials, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech 40000, MoroccoEuromed Research Center, Engineering Division, Euro-Med University of Fes (UEMF), Fès 30070, MoroccoDepartment of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, PolandMarine polysaccharides are believed to be promising wound-dressing nanomaterials because of their biocompatibility, antibacterial and hemostatic activity, and ability to easily shape into transparent films, hydrogels, and porous foams that can provide a moist micro-environment and adsorb exudates. Current efforts are firmly focused on the preparation of novel polysaccharide-derived nanomaterials functionalized with chemical objects to meet the mechanical and biological requirements of ideal wound healing systems. In this contribution, we investigated the characteristics of six different cellulose-filled chitosan transparent films as potential factors that could help to accelerate wound healing. Both microcrystalline and nano-sized cellulose, as well as native and phosphorylated cellulose, were used as fillers to simultaneously elucidate the roles of size and functionalization. The assessment of their influences on hemostatic properties indicated that the tested nanocomposites shorten clotting times by affecting both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of the blood coagulation system. We also showed that all biocomposites have antioxidant capacity. Moreover, the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the materials against two cell lines, human BJ fibroblasts and human KERTr keratinocytes, was investigated. The nature of the cellulose used as a filler was found to influence their cytotoxicity at a relatively low level. Potential mechanisms of cytotoxicity were also investigated; only one (phosphorylated microcellulose-filled chitosan films) of the compounds tested produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) to a small extent, and some films reduced the level of ROS, probably due to their antioxidant properties. The transmembrane mitochondrial potential was very slightly lowered. These biocompatible films showed no genotoxicity, and very importantly for wound healing, most of them significantly accelerated migration of both fibroblasts and keratinocytes.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/11386chitosancellulosephosphorylated cellulosebio-compositeswound-healing |
| spellingShingle | Marta Kędzierska Sara Blilid Katarzyna Miłowska Joanna Kołodziejczyk-Czepas Nadia Katir Mohammed Lahcini Abdelkrim El Kadib Maria Bryszewska Insight into Factors Influencing Wound Healing Using Phosphorylated Cellulose-Filled-Chitosan Nanocomposite Films International Journal of Molecular Sciences chitosan cellulose phosphorylated cellulose bio-composites wound-healing |
| title | Insight into Factors Influencing Wound Healing Using Phosphorylated Cellulose-Filled-Chitosan Nanocomposite Films |
| title_full | Insight into Factors Influencing Wound Healing Using Phosphorylated Cellulose-Filled-Chitosan Nanocomposite Films |
| title_fullStr | Insight into Factors Influencing Wound Healing Using Phosphorylated Cellulose-Filled-Chitosan Nanocomposite Films |
| title_full_unstemmed | Insight into Factors Influencing Wound Healing Using Phosphorylated Cellulose-Filled-Chitosan Nanocomposite Films |
| title_short | Insight into Factors Influencing Wound Healing Using Phosphorylated Cellulose-Filled-Chitosan Nanocomposite Films |
| title_sort | insight into factors influencing wound healing using phosphorylated cellulose filled chitosan nanocomposite films |
| topic | chitosan cellulose phosphorylated cellulose bio-composites wound-healing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/11386 |
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