Lipid Peroxidation: Pathophysiology and Pharmacological Implications in the Eye
Oxygen-derived free radicals such as hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl species have been shown to oxidize phospholipids and other membrane lipid components leading to lipid peroxidation. In the eye, lipid peroxidation has been reported to play an important role in degenerative ocular diseases (age-related...
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2013-12-01
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Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
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Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fphys.2013.00366/full |
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author | Ya Fatou eNjie-Mbye Madhura Kulkarni Chitnis Catherine A Opere Aaron eBarrett Sunny E Ohia |
author_facet | Ya Fatou eNjie-Mbye Madhura Kulkarni Chitnis Catherine A Opere Aaron eBarrett Sunny E Ohia |
author_sort | Ya Fatou eNjie-Mbye |
collection | DOAJ |
description | Oxygen-derived free radicals such as hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl species have been shown to oxidize phospholipids and other membrane lipid components leading to lipid peroxidation. In the eye, lipid peroxidation has been reported to play an important role in degenerative ocular diseases (age-related macular degeneration, cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy). Indeed, ocular tissues are prone to damage from reactive oxygen species due to stress from constant exposure of the eye to sunlight, atmospheric oxygen and environmental chemicals. Furthermore, free radical catalyzed peroxidation of long chain polyunsaturated acids (LCPUFAs) such as arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid leads to generation of LCPUFA metabolites including isoprostanes and neuroprostanes that may further exert pharmacological/toxicological actions in ocular tissues. Evidence from literature supports the presence of endogenous defense mechanisms against reactive oxygen species in the eye, thereby presenting new avenues for the prevention and treatment of ocular degeneration. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and synthetic peroxides can exert pharmacological and toxicological effects on tissues of the anterior uvea of several mammalian species. There is evidence suggesting that the retina, especially retinal ganglion cells can exhibit unique characteristics of antioxidant defense mechanisms. In the posterior segment of the eye, H2O2 and synthetic peroxides produce an inhibitory action on glutamate release (using [3H]-D-aspartate as a marker), in vitro and on the endogenous glutamate and glycine concentrations in vivo. In addition to peroxides, isoprostanes can elicit both excitatory and inhibitory effects on norepinephrine (NE) release from sympathetic nerves in isolated mammalian iris ciliary bodies. Whereas isoprostanes attenuate dopamine release from mammalian neural retina, in vitro, these novel arachidonic acid metabolites exhibit a biphasic regulatory effect on glutamate release from retina and |
first_indexed | 2024-12-16T18:01:35Z |
format | Article |
id | doaj.art-7d220d356fef4d1587ea3c7514056322 |
institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
issn | 1664-042X |
language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-12-16T18:01:35Z |
publishDate | 2013-12-01 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | Article |
series | Frontiers in Physiology |
spelling | doaj.art-7d220d356fef4d1587ea3c75140563222022-12-21T22:22:03ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2013-12-01410.3389/fphys.2013.0036667139Lipid Peroxidation: Pathophysiology and Pharmacological Implications in the EyeYa Fatou eNjie-Mbye0Madhura Kulkarni Chitnis1Catherine A Opere2Aaron eBarrett3Sunny E Ohia4Texas Southern UniversityTexas Southern UniversityCreighton UniversityCreighton UniversityTexas Southern UniversityOxygen-derived free radicals such as hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl species have been shown to oxidize phospholipids and other membrane lipid components leading to lipid peroxidation. In the eye, lipid peroxidation has been reported to play an important role in degenerative ocular diseases (age-related macular degeneration, cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy). Indeed, ocular tissues are prone to damage from reactive oxygen species due to stress from constant exposure of the eye to sunlight, atmospheric oxygen and environmental chemicals. Furthermore, free radical catalyzed peroxidation of long chain polyunsaturated acids (LCPUFAs) such as arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid leads to generation of LCPUFA metabolites including isoprostanes and neuroprostanes that may further exert pharmacological/toxicological actions in ocular tissues. Evidence from literature supports the presence of endogenous defense mechanisms against reactive oxygen species in the eye, thereby presenting new avenues for the prevention and treatment of ocular degeneration. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and synthetic peroxides can exert pharmacological and toxicological effects on tissues of the anterior uvea of several mammalian species. There is evidence suggesting that the retina, especially retinal ganglion cells can exhibit unique characteristics of antioxidant defense mechanisms. In the posterior segment of the eye, H2O2 and synthetic peroxides produce an inhibitory action on glutamate release (using [3H]-D-aspartate as a marker), in vitro and on the endogenous glutamate and glycine concentrations in vivo. In addition to peroxides, isoprostanes can elicit both excitatory and inhibitory effects on norepinephrine (NE) release from sympathetic nerves in isolated mammalian iris ciliary bodies. Whereas isoprostanes attenuate dopamine release from mammalian neural retina, in vitro, these novel arachidonic acid metabolites exhibit a biphasic regulatory effect on glutamate release from retina andhttp://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fphys.2013.00366/fullLipid PeroxidationOxidative StressPeroxidesocular diseases.long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) |
spellingShingle | Ya Fatou eNjie-Mbye Madhura Kulkarni Chitnis Catherine A Opere Aaron eBarrett Sunny E Ohia Lipid Peroxidation: Pathophysiology and Pharmacological Implications in the Eye Frontiers in Physiology Lipid Peroxidation Oxidative Stress Peroxides ocular diseases. long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) |
title | Lipid Peroxidation: Pathophysiology and Pharmacological Implications in the Eye |
title_full | Lipid Peroxidation: Pathophysiology and Pharmacological Implications in the Eye |
title_fullStr | Lipid Peroxidation: Pathophysiology and Pharmacological Implications in the Eye |
title_full_unstemmed | Lipid Peroxidation: Pathophysiology and Pharmacological Implications in the Eye |
title_short | Lipid Peroxidation: Pathophysiology and Pharmacological Implications in the Eye |
title_sort | lipid peroxidation pathophysiology and pharmacological implications in the eye |
topic | Lipid Peroxidation Oxidative Stress Peroxides ocular diseases. long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) |
url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fphys.2013.00366/full |
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