National Antibiotics Utilization Trends for Human Use in Tanzania from 2010 to 2016 Inferred from Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority Importation Data
Antimicrobial use (AMU) is one of the major drivers of emerging antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The surveillance of AMU, which is a pillar of AMR stewardship (AMS), helps devise strategies to mitigate AMR. This descriptive, longitudinal retrospective study quantified the trends in human antibiotics...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/10/1249 |
| _version_ | 1797515504301113344 |
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| author | Raphael Zozimus Sangeda Habibu Ally Saburi Faustine Cassian Masatu Beatrice Godwin Aiko Erick Alexander Mboya Sonia Mkumbwa Adonis Bitegeko Yonah Hebron Mwalwisi Emmanuel Alphonse Nkiligi Mhina Chambuso Hiiti Baran Sillo Adam M. Fimbo Pius Gerald Horumpende |
| author_facet | Raphael Zozimus Sangeda Habibu Ally Saburi Faustine Cassian Masatu Beatrice Godwin Aiko Erick Alexander Mboya Sonia Mkumbwa Adonis Bitegeko Yonah Hebron Mwalwisi Emmanuel Alphonse Nkiligi Mhina Chambuso Hiiti Baran Sillo Adam M. Fimbo Pius Gerald Horumpende |
| author_sort | Raphael Zozimus Sangeda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Antimicrobial use (AMU) is one of the major drivers of emerging antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The surveillance of AMU, which is a pillar of AMR stewardship (AMS), helps devise strategies to mitigate AMR. This descriptive, longitudinal retrospective study quantified the trends in human antibiotics utilization between 2010 and 2016 using data on all antibiotics imported for systemic human use into Tanzania’s mainland. Regression and time series analyses were used to establish trends in antibiotics use. A total of 12,073 records for antibiotics were retrieved, totaling 154.51 Defined Daily Doses per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID), with a mean (±standard deviation) of 22.07 (±48.85) DID. The private sector contributed 93.76% of utilized antibiotics. The top-ranking antibiotics were amoxicillin, metronidazole, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and cefalexin. The DIDs and percentage contribution of these antibiotics were 53.78 (34.81%), 23.86 (15.44), 20.53 (13.29), 9.27 (6.0) and 6.94 (4.49), respectively. The time series model predicted a significant increase in utilization (<i>p</i>-value = 0.002). The model forecasted that by 2022, the total antibiotics consumed would be 89.6 DIDs, which is a 13-fold increase compared to 2010. Government intervention to curb inappropriate antibiotics utilization and mitigate the rising threat of antibiotic resistance should focus on implementing AMS programs in pharmacies and hospitals in Tanzania. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:46:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7d2f1f1fd2e948cb86b13fa9f3fca9ed |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:46:21Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-7d2f1f1fd2e948cb86b13fa9f3fca9ed2023-11-22T17:14:28ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822021-10-011010124910.3390/antibiotics10101249National Antibiotics Utilization Trends for Human Use in Tanzania from 2010 to 2016 Inferred from Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority Importation DataRaphael Zozimus Sangeda0Habibu Ally Saburi1Faustine Cassian Masatu2Beatrice Godwin Aiko3Erick Alexander Mboya4Sonia Mkumbwa5Adonis Bitegeko6Yonah Hebron Mwalwisi7Emmanuel Alphonse Nkiligi8Mhina Chambuso9Hiiti Baran Sillo10Adam M. Fimbo11Pius Gerald Horumpende12Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65013, Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65013, Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaTanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority, P.O. Box 77150, Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65013, Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaTanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority, P.O. Box 77150, Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaTanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority, P.O. Box 77150, Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaTanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority, P.O. Box 77150, Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaTanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority, P.O. Box 77150, Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaDepartment of Pharmacy, Kampala International University in Tanzania, P.O. Box 9790, Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaRegulation and Prequalification Department, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, SwitzerlandTanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority, P.O. Box 77150, Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, P.O. Box 2232, Moshi, TanzaniaAntimicrobial use (AMU) is one of the major drivers of emerging antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The surveillance of AMU, which is a pillar of AMR stewardship (AMS), helps devise strategies to mitigate AMR. This descriptive, longitudinal retrospective study quantified the trends in human antibiotics utilization between 2010 and 2016 using data on all antibiotics imported for systemic human use into Tanzania’s mainland. Regression and time series analyses were used to establish trends in antibiotics use. A total of 12,073 records for antibiotics were retrieved, totaling 154.51 Defined Daily Doses per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID), with a mean (±standard deviation) of 22.07 (±48.85) DID. The private sector contributed 93.76% of utilized antibiotics. The top-ranking antibiotics were amoxicillin, metronidazole, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and cefalexin. The DIDs and percentage contribution of these antibiotics were 53.78 (34.81%), 23.86 (15.44), 20.53 (13.29), 9.27 (6.0) and 6.94 (4.49), respectively. The time series model predicted a significant increase in utilization (<i>p</i>-value = 0.002). The model forecasted that by 2022, the total antibiotics consumed would be 89.6 DIDs, which is a 13-fold increase compared to 2010. Government intervention to curb inappropriate antibiotics utilization and mitigate the rising threat of antibiotic resistance should focus on implementing AMS programs in pharmacies and hospitals in Tanzania.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/10/1249antimicrobialantimicrobial useantimicrobial resistanceantibiotics utilizationTanzaniaDefined Daily Dose |
| spellingShingle | Raphael Zozimus Sangeda Habibu Ally Saburi Faustine Cassian Masatu Beatrice Godwin Aiko Erick Alexander Mboya Sonia Mkumbwa Adonis Bitegeko Yonah Hebron Mwalwisi Emmanuel Alphonse Nkiligi Mhina Chambuso Hiiti Baran Sillo Adam M. Fimbo Pius Gerald Horumpende National Antibiotics Utilization Trends for Human Use in Tanzania from 2010 to 2016 Inferred from Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority Importation Data Antibiotics antimicrobial antimicrobial use antimicrobial resistance antibiotics utilization Tanzania Defined Daily Dose |
| title | National Antibiotics Utilization Trends for Human Use in Tanzania from 2010 to 2016 Inferred from Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority Importation Data |
| title_full | National Antibiotics Utilization Trends for Human Use in Tanzania from 2010 to 2016 Inferred from Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority Importation Data |
| title_fullStr | National Antibiotics Utilization Trends for Human Use in Tanzania from 2010 to 2016 Inferred from Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority Importation Data |
| title_full_unstemmed | National Antibiotics Utilization Trends for Human Use in Tanzania from 2010 to 2016 Inferred from Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority Importation Data |
| title_short | National Antibiotics Utilization Trends for Human Use in Tanzania from 2010 to 2016 Inferred from Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority Importation Data |
| title_sort | national antibiotics utilization trends for human use in tanzania from 2010 to 2016 inferred from tanzania medicines and medical devices authority importation data |
| topic | antimicrobial antimicrobial use antimicrobial resistance antibiotics utilization Tanzania Defined Daily Dose |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/10/1249 |
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