Soil Effects on the Bioactivity of Hydroxycoumarins as Plant Allelochemicals
Soil plays a primary role in the activity of plant allelochemicals in natural and agricultural systems. In this work, we compared the phytotoxicity of three natural hydroxycoumarins (umbelliferone, esculetin, and scopoletin) to different model plant species (<i>Lactuca sativa</i>, <i&...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/6/1278 |
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| author | Gracia Facenda Miguel Real Jose A. Galán-Pérez Beatriz Gámiz Rafael Celis |
| author_facet | Gracia Facenda Miguel Real Jose A. Galán-Pérez Beatriz Gámiz Rafael Celis |
| author_sort | Gracia Facenda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Soil plays a primary role in the activity of plant allelochemicals in natural and agricultural systems. In this work, we compared the phytotoxicity of three natural hydroxycoumarins (umbelliferone, esculetin, and scopoletin) to different model plant species (<i>Lactuca sativa</i>, <i>Eruca sativa</i>, and <i>Hordeum vulgare</i>) in Petri dishes, and then selected the most phytotoxic compound (umbelliferone) to assess how its adsorption and dissipation in two distinct soils affected the expression of its phytotoxic activity. The root growth inhibitory effect of umbelliferone was significantly greater than that of esculetin and scopoletin, and the dicot species (<i>L. sativa</i> and <i>E. sativa</i>) were more sensitive to the hydroxycoumarins than the monocot species (<i>H. vulgare</i>). For all three plant species tested, the phytotoxicity of umbelliferone decreased in the following order: soilless (Petri dishes) > soil 1 > soil 2. In soil 2 (alkaline), umbelliferone displayed negligible adsorption (<i>K</i><sub>f</sub> < 0.01) and rapid biodegradation (t<sub>1/2</sub> = 0.2–0.8 days), and its phytotoxicity was barely expressed. In soil 1 (acid), umbelliferone displayed enhanced adsorption (<i>K</i><sub>f</sub> = 2.94), slower biodegradation (t<sub>1/2</sub> = 1.5–2.1 days), and its phytotoxicity was better expressed than in soil 2. When the microbial activity of soil 2 was suppressed by autoclaving, the phytotoxicity of umbelliferone, in the presence of soil, became similar to that observed under soilless conditions. The results illustrate how soil processes can reduce the allelopathic activity of hydroxycoumarins in natural and agricultural ecosystems, and suggest scenarios where the bioactivity of hydroxycoumarins may be better expressed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:00:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7d33b5bccc4e4b4eaadc5030cf50ec8b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:00:18Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-7d33b5bccc4e4b4eaadc5030cf50ec8b2023-11-17T13:21:37ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-03-01126127810.3390/plants12061278Soil Effects on the Bioactivity of Hydroxycoumarins as Plant AllelochemicalsGracia Facenda0Miguel Real1Jose A. Galán-Pérez2Beatriz Gámiz3Rafael Celis4Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, SpainInstituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, SpainInstituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, SpainInstituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, SpainInstituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, SpainSoil plays a primary role in the activity of plant allelochemicals in natural and agricultural systems. In this work, we compared the phytotoxicity of three natural hydroxycoumarins (umbelliferone, esculetin, and scopoletin) to different model plant species (<i>Lactuca sativa</i>, <i>Eruca sativa</i>, and <i>Hordeum vulgare</i>) in Petri dishes, and then selected the most phytotoxic compound (umbelliferone) to assess how its adsorption and dissipation in two distinct soils affected the expression of its phytotoxic activity. The root growth inhibitory effect of umbelliferone was significantly greater than that of esculetin and scopoletin, and the dicot species (<i>L. sativa</i> and <i>E. sativa</i>) were more sensitive to the hydroxycoumarins than the monocot species (<i>H. vulgare</i>). For all three plant species tested, the phytotoxicity of umbelliferone decreased in the following order: soilless (Petri dishes) > soil 1 > soil 2. In soil 2 (alkaline), umbelliferone displayed negligible adsorption (<i>K</i><sub>f</sub> < 0.01) and rapid biodegradation (t<sub>1/2</sub> = 0.2–0.8 days), and its phytotoxicity was barely expressed. In soil 1 (acid), umbelliferone displayed enhanced adsorption (<i>K</i><sub>f</sub> = 2.94), slower biodegradation (t<sub>1/2</sub> = 1.5–2.1 days), and its phytotoxicity was better expressed than in soil 2. When the microbial activity of soil 2 was suppressed by autoclaving, the phytotoxicity of umbelliferone, in the presence of soil, became similar to that observed under soilless conditions. The results illustrate how soil processes can reduce the allelopathic activity of hydroxycoumarins in natural and agricultural ecosystems, and suggest scenarios where the bioactivity of hydroxycoumarins may be better expressed.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/6/1278allelochemicalsbioherbicideshydroxycoumarinsphytotoxicitysoil |
| spellingShingle | Gracia Facenda Miguel Real Jose A. Galán-Pérez Beatriz Gámiz Rafael Celis Soil Effects on the Bioactivity of Hydroxycoumarins as Plant Allelochemicals Plants allelochemicals bioherbicides hydroxycoumarins phytotoxicity soil |
| title | Soil Effects on the Bioactivity of Hydroxycoumarins as Plant Allelochemicals |
| title_full | Soil Effects on the Bioactivity of Hydroxycoumarins as Plant Allelochemicals |
| title_fullStr | Soil Effects on the Bioactivity of Hydroxycoumarins as Plant Allelochemicals |
| title_full_unstemmed | Soil Effects on the Bioactivity of Hydroxycoumarins as Plant Allelochemicals |
| title_short | Soil Effects on the Bioactivity of Hydroxycoumarins as Plant Allelochemicals |
| title_sort | soil effects on the bioactivity of hydroxycoumarins as plant allelochemicals |
| topic | allelochemicals bioherbicides hydroxycoumarins phytotoxicity soil |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/6/1278 |
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