Reshifting Na<sup>+</sup> from Shoots into Long Roots Is Associated with Salt Tolerance in Two Contrasting Inbred Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Lines
Maize, as a glycophyte, is hypersensitive to salinity, but the salt response mechanism of maize remains unclear. In this study, the physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of two contrasting inbred lines, the salt-tolerant QXH0121 and salt-sensitive QXN233 lines, were investigated in res...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/10/1952 |
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| author | Zhenyang Zhao Hongxia Zheng Minghao Wang Yaning Guo Yingfei Wang Chaoli Zheng Ye Tao Xiaofeng Sun Dandan Qian Guanglong Cao Mengqian Zhu Mengting Liang Mei Wang Yan Gong Bingxiao Li Jinye Wang Yanling Sun |
| author_facet | Zhenyang Zhao Hongxia Zheng Minghao Wang Yaning Guo Yingfei Wang Chaoli Zheng Ye Tao Xiaofeng Sun Dandan Qian Guanglong Cao Mengqian Zhu Mengting Liang Mei Wang Yan Gong Bingxiao Li Jinye Wang Yanling Sun |
| author_sort | Zhenyang Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Maize, as a glycophyte, is hypersensitive to salinity, but the salt response mechanism of maize remains unclear. In this study, the physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of two contrasting inbred lines, the salt-tolerant QXH0121 and salt-sensitive QXN233 lines, were investigated in response to salt stress. Under salt stress, the tolerant QXH0121 line exhibited good performance, while in the sensitive QXN233 line, there were negative effects on the growth of the leaves and roots. The most important finding was that QXH0121 could reshift Na<sup>+</sup> from shoots into long roots, migrate excess Na<sup>+</sup> in shoots to alleviate salt damage to shoots, and also improve K<sup>+</sup> retention in shoots, which were closely associated with the enhanced expression levels of <i>ZmHAK1</i> and <i>ZmNHX1</i> in QXH0121 compared to those in QXN233 under salt stress. Additionally, QXH0121 leaves accumulated more proline, soluble protein, and sugar contents and had higher SOD activity levels than those observed in QXN233, which correlated with the upregulation of <i>ZmP5CR</i>, <i>ZmBADH</i>, <i>ZmTPS1</i>, and <i>ZmSOD4</i> in QXH0121 leaves. These were the main causes of the higher salt tolerance of QXH0121 in contrast to QXN233. These results broaden our knowledge about the underlying mechanism of salt tolerance in different maize varieties, providing novel insights into breeding maize with a high level of salt resistance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:23:28Z |
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| id | doaj.art-7d36f37d80b047f280d60d4bc22fe04e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:23:28Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-7d36f37d80b047f280d60d4bc22fe04e2023-11-18T02:55:31ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-05-011210195210.3390/plants12101952Reshifting Na<sup>+</sup> from Shoots into Long Roots Is Associated with Salt Tolerance in Two Contrasting Inbred Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) LinesZhenyang Zhao0Hongxia Zheng1Minghao Wang2Yaning Guo3Yingfei Wang4Chaoli Zheng5Ye Tao6Xiaofeng Sun7Dandan Qian8Guanglong Cao9Mengqian Zhu10Mengting Liang11Mei Wang12Yan Gong13Bingxiao Li14Jinye Wang15Yanling Sun16School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaKey Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, ChinaSchool of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaSchool of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaSchool of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaSchool of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaSchool of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaSchool of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaSchool of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaSchool of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaSchool of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaSchool of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaSchool of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaSchool of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaSchool of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaSchool of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaSchool of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaMaize, as a glycophyte, is hypersensitive to salinity, but the salt response mechanism of maize remains unclear. In this study, the physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of two contrasting inbred lines, the salt-tolerant QXH0121 and salt-sensitive QXN233 lines, were investigated in response to salt stress. Under salt stress, the tolerant QXH0121 line exhibited good performance, while in the sensitive QXN233 line, there were negative effects on the growth of the leaves and roots. The most important finding was that QXH0121 could reshift Na<sup>+</sup> from shoots into long roots, migrate excess Na<sup>+</sup> in shoots to alleviate salt damage to shoots, and also improve K<sup>+</sup> retention in shoots, which were closely associated with the enhanced expression levels of <i>ZmHAK1</i> and <i>ZmNHX1</i> in QXH0121 compared to those in QXN233 under salt stress. Additionally, QXH0121 leaves accumulated more proline, soluble protein, and sugar contents and had higher SOD activity levels than those observed in QXN233, which correlated with the upregulation of <i>ZmP5CR</i>, <i>ZmBADH</i>, <i>ZmTPS1</i>, and <i>ZmSOD4</i> in QXH0121 leaves. These were the main causes of the higher salt tolerance of QXH0121 in contrast to QXN233. These results broaden our knowledge about the underlying mechanism of salt tolerance in different maize varieties, providing novel insights into breeding maize with a high level of salt resistance.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/10/1952maize seedlingslong rootsalt toleranceNa<sup>+</sup> redistribution<i>ZmHAK1</i><i>ZmNHX1</i> |
| spellingShingle | Zhenyang Zhao Hongxia Zheng Minghao Wang Yaning Guo Yingfei Wang Chaoli Zheng Ye Tao Xiaofeng Sun Dandan Qian Guanglong Cao Mengqian Zhu Mengting Liang Mei Wang Yan Gong Bingxiao Li Jinye Wang Yanling Sun Reshifting Na<sup>+</sup> from Shoots into Long Roots Is Associated with Salt Tolerance in Two Contrasting Inbred Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Lines Plants maize seedlings long root salt tolerance Na<sup>+</sup> redistribution <i>ZmHAK1</i> <i>ZmNHX1</i> |
| title | Reshifting Na<sup>+</sup> from Shoots into Long Roots Is Associated with Salt Tolerance in Two Contrasting Inbred Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Lines |
| title_full | Reshifting Na<sup>+</sup> from Shoots into Long Roots Is Associated with Salt Tolerance in Two Contrasting Inbred Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Lines |
| title_fullStr | Reshifting Na<sup>+</sup> from Shoots into Long Roots Is Associated with Salt Tolerance in Two Contrasting Inbred Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Lines |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reshifting Na<sup>+</sup> from Shoots into Long Roots Is Associated with Salt Tolerance in Two Contrasting Inbred Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Lines |
| title_short | Reshifting Na<sup>+</sup> from Shoots into Long Roots Is Associated with Salt Tolerance in Two Contrasting Inbred Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Lines |
| title_sort | reshifting na sup sup from shoots into long roots is associated with salt tolerance in two contrasting inbred maize i zea mays i l lines |
| topic | maize seedlings long root salt tolerance Na<sup>+</sup> redistribution <i>ZmHAK1</i> <i>ZmNHX1</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/10/1952 |
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