Mapping of GIS-Flood Hazard Using the Geomorphometric-Hazard Model: Case Study of the Al-Shamal Train Pathway in the City of Qurayyat, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Drainage basins in dry and semiarid environments are exposed to sudden, irregular flooding that poses a threat to urban areas and infrastructure. The associated risk is exacerbated by land use changes. Geomorphometric analyses of drainage basins based on geographic information systems (GIS) are esse...
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/10/9/333 |
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| author | Ashraf Abdelkarim Seham S. Al-Alola Haya M. Alogayell Soha A. Mohamed Ibtesam I. Alkadi Ismail Y. Youssef |
| author_facet | Ashraf Abdelkarim Seham S. Al-Alola Haya M. Alogayell Soha A. Mohamed Ibtesam I. Alkadi Ismail Y. Youssef |
| author_sort | Ashraf Abdelkarim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Drainage basins in dry and semiarid environments are exposed to sudden, irregular flooding that poses a threat to urban areas and infrastructure. The associated risk is exacerbated by land use changes. Geomorphometric analyses of drainage basins based on geographic information systems (GIS) are essential tools for assessing conceptual flood hazards. Geomorphological data extracted from high-precision digital elevation models (DEMs) provide valuable information for modeling the geomorphic, surface classifications of the earth, and for flood hazard mapping. This study aimed to develop an integrative approach to the mapping of flood hazards along the Al-Shamal train pathway in the city of Qurayyat in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) using GIS and hazard modeling for geomorphological ranking. Furthermore, we propose strategic solutions to provide mitigation and protection from negative impacts with the aim of improving the level of awareness of flood geomorphology. The hazard model of geomorphological ranking was used in mapping and calculating the degree of hazards using 24 geomorphometric criteria. These criteria were divided into formal criteria, terrain criteria, and criteria related to the drainage network. The results of the study revealed that the drainage sub-basins are exposed to flood hazards along the Al-Shamal train pathway in the city of Qurayyat. The very high flood hazard constituted 4228.3 km<sup>2</sup>, accounting for 70.3% and 65.7%, respectively, of the drainage basins of the wadis of Makhrouq and Bayer. The high flood hazard represented 61% (4712.4 km<sup>2</sup>) of the basin of the wadis of Sarmadaa. The medium flood hazard was concentrated in the drainage basin of the wadi of Hasidah, accounting for nearly 57.7% (1271.3 km<sup>2</sup>). The very low flood hazard was present in 46.5% of the drainage basin of the wadis of Hasidah Umm Nakhla, accounting for an area of 799.4 km<sup>2</sup>. The methodology applied in this study can be used in the estimation of flood hazards in different drainage basins throughout Saudi Arabia and in similar arid regions. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3263 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:59:01Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-7d454c0ce5e8409bac839609e08e82b82023-11-20T11:02:34ZengMDPI AGGeosciences2076-32632020-08-0110933310.3390/geosciences10090333Mapping of GIS-Flood Hazard Using the Geomorphometric-Hazard Model: Case Study of the Al-Shamal Train Pathway in the City of Qurayyat, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaAshraf Abdelkarim0Seham S. Al-Alola1Haya M. Alogayell2Soha A. Mohamed3Ibtesam I. Alkadi4Ismail Y. Youssef5Research Center, Ministry of Housing, Riyadh 11461, Saudi ArabiaGeography Department, College of Arts, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi ArabiaGeography Department, College of Arts, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi ArabiaThe High Institute of Tourism, Hotels and Computer (H.I.T.H.C.), The Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (MHESR), Alexandria 21500, EgyptGeography Department, College of Arts, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Geography, Faculty of Art, Monofiya University, Shbeen El Koom 32511, EgyptDrainage basins in dry and semiarid environments are exposed to sudden, irregular flooding that poses a threat to urban areas and infrastructure. The associated risk is exacerbated by land use changes. Geomorphometric analyses of drainage basins based on geographic information systems (GIS) are essential tools for assessing conceptual flood hazards. Geomorphological data extracted from high-precision digital elevation models (DEMs) provide valuable information for modeling the geomorphic, surface classifications of the earth, and for flood hazard mapping. This study aimed to develop an integrative approach to the mapping of flood hazards along the Al-Shamal train pathway in the city of Qurayyat in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) using GIS and hazard modeling for geomorphological ranking. Furthermore, we propose strategic solutions to provide mitigation and protection from negative impacts with the aim of improving the level of awareness of flood geomorphology. The hazard model of geomorphological ranking was used in mapping and calculating the degree of hazards using 24 geomorphometric criteria. These criteria were divided into formal criteria, terrain criteria, and criteria related to the drainage network. The results of the study revealed that the drainage sub-basins are exposed to flood hazards along the Al-Shamal train pathway in the city of Qurayyat. The very high flood hazard constituted 4228.3 km<sup>2</sup>, accounting for 70.3% and 65.7%, respectively, of the drainage basins of the wadis of Makhrouq and Bayer. The high flood hazard represented 61% (4712.4 km<sup>2</sup>) of the basin of the wadis of Sarmadaa. The medium flood hazard was concentrated in the drainage basin of the wadi of Hasidah, accounting for nearly 57.7% (1271.3 km<sup>2</sup>). The very low flood hazard was present in 46.5% of the drainage basin of the wadis of Hasidah Umm Nakhla, accounting for an area of 799.4 km<sup>2</sup>. The methodology applied in this study can be used in the estimation of flood hazards in different drainage basins throughout Saudi Arabia and in similar arid regions.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/10/9/333GISdrainage basinsflood geomorphologyhazard model for geomorphological rankingAl-Shamal train pathwayflood hazard maps |
| spellingShingle | Ashraf Abdelkarim Seham S. Al-Alola Haya M. Alogayell Soha A. Mohamed Ibtesam I. Alkadi Ismail Y. Youssef Mapping of GIS-Flood Hazard Using the Geomorphometric-Hazard Model: Case Study of the Al-Shamal Train Pathway in the City of Qurayyat, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Geosciences GIS drainage basins flood geomorphology hazard model for geomorphological ranking Al-Shamal train pathway flood hazard maps |
| title | Mapping of GIS-Flood Hazard Using the Geomorphometric-Hazard Model: Case Study of the Al-Shamal Train Pathway in the City of Qurayyat, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia |
| title_full | Mapping of GIS-Flood Hazard Using the Geomorphometric-Hazard Model: Case Study of the Al-Shamal Train Pathway in the City of Qurayyat, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia |
| title_fullStr | Mapping of GIS-Flood Hazard Using the Geomorphometric-Hazard Model: Case Study of the Al-Shamal Train Pathway in the City of Qurayyat, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mapping of GIS-Flood Hazard Using the Geomorphometric-Hazard Model: Case Study of the Al-Shamal Train Pathway in the City of Qurayyat, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia |
| title_short | Mapping of GIS-Flood Hazard Using the Geomorphometric-Hazard Model: Case Study of the Al-Shamal Train Pathway in the City of Qurayyat, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia |
| title_sort | mapping of gis flood hazard using the geomorphometric hazard model case study of the al shamal train pathway in the city of qurayyat kingdom of saudi arabia |
| topic | GIS drainage basins flood geomorphology hazard model for geomorphological ranking Al-Shamal train pathway flood hazard maps |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/10/9/333 |
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