Contextualizing Landscape-Scale Forest Cover Loss in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) between 2000 and 2015
Shifting cultivation has been shown to be the primary cause of land use change in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Traditionally, forested and fallow land are rotated in a slash and burn cycle that has created an agricultural mosaic, including secondary forest, known as the rural complex. Thi...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Land |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/9/1/23 |
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| author | Giuseppe Molinario Matthew Hansen Peter Potapov Alexandra Tyukavina Stephen Stehman |
| author_facet | Giuseppe Molinario Matthew Hansen Peter Potapov Alexandra Tyukavina Stephen Stehman |
| author_sort | Giuseppe Molinario |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Shifting cultivation has been shown to be the primary cause of land use change in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Traditionally, forested and fallow land are rotated in a slash and burn cycle that has created an agricultural mosaic, including secondary forest, known as the rural complex. This study investigates the land use context of new forest clearing (during 2000−2015) in primary forest areas outside of the established rural complex. These new forest clearings occur as either rural complex expansion (RCE) or isolated forest perforations (IFP), with consequent implications on the forest ecosystem and biodiversity habitat. During 2000−2015, subsistence agriculture was the dominant driver of forest clearing for both extension of settled areas and pioneer clearings removed from settled areas. Less than 1% of clearing was directly attributable to land uses such as mining, plantations, and logging, showing that the impact of commercial operations in the DRC is currently dwarfed by a reliance on small-holder shifting cultivation. However, analyzing the landscape context showed that large-scale agroindustry and resource extraction activities lead to increased forest loss and degradation beyond their previously-understood footprints. The worker populations drawn to these areas create communities that rely on shifting cultivation and non-timber forest products (NTFP) for food, energy, and building materials. An estimated 12% of forest loss within the RCE and 9% of the area of IFP was found to be within 5 km of mines, logging, or plantations. Given increasing demographic and commercial pressures on DRC’s forests, it will be crucial to factor in this landscape-level land use change dynamic in land use planning and sustainability-focused governance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T19:45:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7d47a3eb2f684b69a385c9f150ff76d0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-445X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T19:45:30Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Land |
| spelling | doaj.art-7d47a3eb2f684b69a385c9f150ff76d02022-12-21T20:08:09ZengMDPI AGLand2073-445X2020-01-01912310.3390/land9010023land9010023Contextualizing Landscape-Scale Forest Cover Loss in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) between 2000 and 2015Giuseppe Molinario0Matthew Hansen1Peter Potapov2Alexandra Tyukavina3Stephen Stehman4Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USADepartment of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USADepartment of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USADepartment of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USACollege of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY 13210, USAShifting cultivation has been shown to be the primary cause of land use change in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Traditionally, forested and fallow land are rotated in a slash and burn cycle that has created an agricultural mosaic, including secondary forest, known as the rural complex. This study investigates the land use context of new forest clearing (during 2000−2015) in primary forest areas outside of the established rural complex. These new forest clearings occur as either rural complex expansion (RCE) or isolated forest perforations (IFP), with consequent implications on the forest ecosystem and biodiversity habitat. During 2000−2015, subsistence agriculture was the dominant driver of forest clearing for both extension of settled areas and pioneer clearings removed from settled areas. Less than 1% of clearing was directly attributable to land uses such as mining, plantations, and logging, showing that the impact of commercial operations in the DRC is currently dwarfed by a reliance on small-holder shifting cultivation. However, analyzing the landscape context showed that large-scale agroindustry and resource extraction activities lead to increased forest loss and degradation beyond their previously-understood footprints. The worker populations drawn to these areas create communities that rely on shifting cultivation and non-timber forest products (NTFP) for food, energy, and building materials. An estimated 12% of forest loss within the RCE and 9% of the area of IFP was found to be within 5 km of mines, logging, or plantations. Given increasing demographic and commercial pressures on DRC’s forests, it will be crucial to factor in this landscape-level land use change dynamic in land use planning and sustainability-focused governance.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/9/1/23landscape-scaleland cover and land use(lulc)democratic republic of congo (drc) |
| spellingShingle | Giuseppe Molinario Matthew Hansen Peter Potapov Alexandra Tyukavina Stephen Stehman Contextualizing Landscape-Scale Forest Cover Loss in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) between 2000 and 2015 Land landscape-scale land cover and land use(lulc) democratic republic of congo (drc) |
| title | Contextualizing Landscape-Scale Forest Cover Loss in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) between 2000 and 2015 |
| title_full | Contextualizing Landscape-Scale Forest Cover Loss in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) between 2000 and 2015 |
| title_fullStr | Contextualizing Landscape-Scale Forest Cover Loss in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) between 2000 and 2015 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Contextualizing Landscape-Scale Forest Cover Loss in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) between 2000 and 2015 |
| title_short | Contextualizing Landscape-Scale Forest Cover Loss in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) between 2000 and 2015 |
| title_sort | contextualizing landscape scale forest cover loss in the democratic republic of congo drc between 2000 and 2015 |
| topic | landscape-scale land cover and land use(lulc) democratic republic of congo (drc) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/9/1/23 |
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