A novel geometrically invariant quantum watermarking scheme utilizing Quantum Error Correction
This paper proposes a novel geometrically invariant quantum watermarking scheme using Quantum Error Correction (QEC) and Novel Enhanced Quantum Image Representation (NEQR). The Geometric Transformation-based Image Assembling (GTA) mechanism is proposed to reconstruct the quantum watermark image util...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of King Saud University: Computer and Information Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319157823003725 |
| _version_ | 1827582855183597568 |
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| author | Zheng Xing Chan-Tong Lam Xiaochen Yuan Guoheng Huang Penousal Machado |
| author_facet | Zheng Xing Chan-Tong Lam Xiaochen Yuan Guoheng Huang Penousal Machado |
| author_sort | Zheng Xing |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper proposes a novel geometrically invariant quantum watermarking scheme using Quantum Error Correction (QEC) and Novel Enhanced Quantum Image Representation (NEQR). The Geometric Transformation-based Image Assembling (GTA) mechanism is proposed to reconstruct the quantum watermark image utilizing QEC principle. The proposed GTA mechanism involves Quantum Image Rotation (QIR) and Quantum Block Rotation (QBR), thus two corresponding quantum watermarking methods, GTA_QIR and GTA_QBR, are proposed and detailed quantum circuits with complexity O(n) are designed. Then the Quantum Majority Finder (QMF) is proposed for embedding the watermark uniformly. In the experiments, we employ dataset USC-SIPI to evaluate the visual quality and robustness of the proposed scheme. Comparisons with the recent quantum watermarking methods is conducted and the results show that our methods have a superior performance. When under attack of ’Salt and Pepper’ noise addition, the proposed GTA_QIR and GTA_QBR improve the average Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) by 22.57% and 23.49% at a density of 0.05, while at a density of 0.1, the average improvement is 11.13% and 12.05% respectively. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first quantum watermarking scheme which demonstrates resistance to geometric attacks. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T22:57:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7d4eddeda9fd48daa1445d2d17d7f28d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1319-1578 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T22:57:36Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of King Saud University: Computer and Information Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-7d4eddeda9fd48daa1445d2d17d7f28d2023-12-16T06:06:05ZengElsevierJournal of King Saud University: Computer and Information Sciences1319-15782023-12-013510101818A novel geometrically invariant quantum watermarking scheme utilizing Quantum Error CorrectionZheng Xing0Chan-Tong Lam1Xiaochen Yuan2Guoheng Huang3Penousal Machado4Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of ChinaFaculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of ChinaFaculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China; Correspondence to: Macao Polytechnic University, R. de Luís Gonzaga Gomes, Macao Special Administrative Region of China.School of Computer Science and Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, ChinaDepartment of Informatics Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004530, PortugalThis paper proposes a novel geometrically invariant quantum watermarking scheme using Quantum Error Correction (QEC) and Novel Enhanced Quantum Image Representation (NEQR). The Geometric Transformation-based Image Assembling (GTA) mechanism is proposed to reconstruct the quantum watermark image utilizing QEC principle. The proposed GTA mechanism involves Quantum Image Rotation (QIR) and Quantum Block Rotation (QBR), thus two corresponding quantum watermarking methods, GTA_QIR and GTA_QBR, are proposed and detailed quantum circuits with complexity O(n) are designed. Then the Quantum Majority Finder (QMF) is proposed for embedding the watermark uniformly. In the experiments, we employ dataset USC-SIPI to evaluate the visual quality and robustness of the proposed scheme. Comparisons with the recent quantum watermarking methods is conducted and the results show that our methods have a superior performance. When under attack of ’Salt and Pepper’ noise addition, the proposed GTA_QIR and GTA_QBR improve the average Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) by 22.57% and 23.49% at a density of 0.05, while at a density of 0.1, the average improvement is 11.13% and 12.05% respectively. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first quantum watermarking scheme which demonstrates resistance to geometric attacks.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319157823003725Quantum watermarkingGeometrically invariantGeometric Transformation-based Image Assembling (GTA)Quantum Error Correction (QEC)Quantum Majority Finder (QMF) |
| spellingShingle | Zheng Xing Chan-Tong Lam Xiaochen Yuan Guoheng Huang Penousal Machado A novel geometrically invariant quantum watermarking scheme utilizing Quantum Error Correction Journal of King Saud University: Computer and Information Sciences Quantum watermarking Geometrically invariant Geometric Transformation-based Image Assembling (GTA) Quantum Error Correction (QEC) Quantum Majority Finder (QMF) |
| title | A novel geometrically invariant quantum watermarking scheme utilizing Quantum Error Correction |
| title_full | A novel geometrically invariant quantum watermarking scheme utilizing Quantum Error Correction |
| title_fullStr | A novel geometrically invariant quantum watermarking scheme utilizing Quantum Error Correction |
| title_full_unstemmed | A novel geometrically invariant quantum watermarking scheme utilizing Quantum Error Correction |
| title_short | A novel geometrically invariant quantum watermarking scheme utilizing Quantum Error Correction |
| title_sort | novel geometrically invariant quantum watermarking scheme utilizing quantum error correction |
| topic | Quantum watermarking Geometrically invariant Geometric Transformation-based Image Assembling (GTA) Quantum Error Correction (QEC) Quantum Majority Finder (QMF) |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319157823003725 |
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