Development and Characterization of Chitosan and Porphyran Based Composite Edible Films Containing Ginger Essential Oil
Recent research shows the growing interest in the development of composite edible films (EFs) by using multiple biopolymers for the substantial improvement in the shelf life and quality of food products, via preventing oxidation among other benefits. In the present work, EFs based on chitosan (CS) a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/9/1782 |
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| author | Ahmed Al-Harrasi Saurabh Bhtaia Mohammed Said Al-Azri Hafiz A. Makeen Mohammed Albratty Hassan A. Alhazmi Syam Mohan Ajay Sharma Tapan Behl |
| author_facet | Ahmed Al-Harrasi Saurabh Bhtaia Mohammed Said Al-Azri Hafiz A. Makeen Mohammed Albratty Hassan A. Alhazmi Syam Mohan Ajay Sharma Tapan Behl |
| author_sort | Ahmed Al-Harrasi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Recent research shows the growing interest in the development of composite edible films (EFs) by using multiple biopolymers for the substantial improvement in the shelf life and quality of food products, via preventing oxidation among other benefits. In the present work, EFs based on chitosan (CS) and porphyran (POR) loaded with ginger essential oil (GEO) have been developed to study the effect of GEO, glycerol (Gly), and POR on the film structure as well as physical and antioxidant properties. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed the level of crystallinity and electrostatic interactions between CS, POR, Gly, and GEO. It was found that electrostatic interactions between CS and POR and the incorporation of GEO substantially improved barrier, thermal, optical, and mechanical properties and reduced the moisture content, swelling index, and thickness values. The color values of the S5 film altered apparently with a shift towards yellowness. SEM micrographs of the composite CS-POR-GEO film (S5) showed improved morphological attributes such as more uniformity and homogeneous structure than other films (S1–S4). Results obtained from total phenolic content assay suggested the presence of high phenolic components (5.97 ± 0.01) mg of GAE/g in GEO. Further, findings obtained from antioxidant assays revealed that the addition of GEO and POR significantly increased the antioxidant effects of CS films. All these findings suggested that GEO loaded CS-POR based films showed better physical and chemical properties with a significant improvement in antioxidant potential and thus can be used as a potential packaging material in the food industry. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:46:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7d54dceed7c64097bdef949ca5138b6b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:46:59Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-7d54dceed7c64097bdef949ca5138b6b2023-11-23T09:06:09ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602022-04-01149178210.3390/polym14091782Development and Characterization of Chitosan and Porphyran Based Composite Edible Films Containing Ginger Essential OilAhmed Al-Harrasi0Saurabh Bhtaia1Mohammed Said Al-Azri2Hafiz A. Makeen3Mohammed Albratty4Hassan A. Alhazmi5Syam Mohan6Ajay Sharma7Tapan Behl8Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, OmanNatural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, OmanNatural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, OmanPharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi ArabiaSchool of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, IndiaDepartment of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, IndiaChitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, IndiaRecent research shows the growing interest in the development of composite edible films (EFs) by using multiple biopolymers for the substantial improvement in the shelf life and quality of food products, via preventing oxidation among other benefits. In the present work, EFs based on chitosan (CS) and porphyran (POR) loaded with ginger essential oil (GEO) have been developed to study the effect of GEO, glycerol (Gly), and POR on the film structure as well as physical and antioxidant properties. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed the level of crystallinity and electrostatic interactions between CS, POR, Gly, and GEO. It was found that electrostatic interactions between CS and POR and the incorporation of GEO substantially improved barrier, thermal, optical, and mechanical properties and reduced the moisture content, swelling index, and thickness values. The color values of the S5 film altered apparently with a shift towards yellowness. SEM micrographs of the composite CS-POR-GEO film (S5) showed improved morphological attributes such as more uniformity and homogeneous structure than other films (S1–S4). Results obtained from total phenolic content assay suggested the presence of high phenolic components (5.97 ± 0.01) mg of GAE/g in GEO. Further, findings obtained from antioxidant assays revealed that the addition of GEO and POR significantly increased the antioxidant effects of CS films. All these findings suggested that GEO loaded CS-POR based films showed better physical and chemical properties with a significant improvement in antioxidant potential and thus can be used as a potential packaging material in the food industry.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/9/1782edible filmscompositeschitosanporphyranginger essential oilglycerol |
| spellingShingle | Ahmed Al-Harrasi Saurabh Bhtaia Mohammed Said Al-Azri Hafiz A. Makeen Mohammed Albratty Hassan A. Alhazmi Syam Mohan Ajay Sharma Tapan Behl Development and Characterization of Chitosan and Porphyran Based Composite Edible Films Containing Ginger Essential Oil Polymers edible films composites chitosan porphyran ginger essential oil glycerol |
| title | Development and Characterization of Chitosan and Porphyran Based Composite Edible Films Containing Ginger Essential Oil |
| title_full | Development and Characterization of Chitosan and Porphyran Based Composite Edible Films Containing Ginger Essential Oil |
| title_fullStr | Development and Characterization of Chitosan and Porphyran Based Composite Edible Films Containing Ginger Essential Oil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development and Characterization of Chitosan and Porphyran Based Composite Edible Films Containing Ginger Essential Oil |
| title_short | Development and Characterization of Chitosan and Porphyran Based Composite Edible Films Containing Ginger Essential Oil |
| title_sort | development and characterization of chitosan and porphyran based composite edible films containing ginger essential oil |
| topic | edible films composites chitosan porphyran ginger essential oil glycerol |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/9/1782 |
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