Supplementing sow diets with palm oil during late gestation and lactation: effects on milk production, sow hormonal profiles and growth and development of her offspring
The supplementing of sow diets with lipids during pregnancy and lactation has been shown to reduce sow condition loss and improve piglet performance. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of supplemental palm oil (PO) on sow performance, plasma metabolites and hormones, milk profiles an...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2018-01-01
|
| Series: | Animal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1751731118000885 |
| _version_ | 1818865002512121856 |
|---|---|
| author | J. Laws D.T. Juniper I.J. Lean E. Amusquivar E. Herrera P.F. Dodds L. Clarke |
| author_facet | J. Laws D.T. Juniper I.J. Lean E. Amusquivar E. Herrera P.F. Dodds L. Clarke |
| author_sort | J. Laws |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The supplementing of sow diets with lipids during pregnancy and lactation has been shown to reduce sow condition loss and improve piglet performance. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of supplemental palm oil (PO) on sow performance, plasma metabolites and hormones, milk profiles and pre-weaning piglet development. A commercial sow ration (C) or an experimental diet supplemented with 10% extra energy in the form of PO, were provided from day 90 of gestation until weaning (24 to 28 days postpartum) in two groups of eight multiparous sows. Gestation length of PO sows increased by 1 day (P<0.05). Maternal BW changes were similar throughout the trial, but loss of backfat during lactation was reduced in PO animals (C: −3.6±0.8 mm; PO: −0.1±0.8 mm; P<0.01). Milk fat was increased by PO supplementation (C day 3: 8.0±0.3% fat; PO day 3: 9.1±0.3% fat; C day 7: 7.8±0.5% fat; PO day 7: 9.9±0.5% fat; P<0.05) and hence milk energy yield of PO sows was also elevated (P<0.05). The proportion of saturated fatty acids was greater in colostrum from PO sows (C: 29.19±0.31 g/100 g of fat; PO: 30.77±0.36 g/100 g of fat; P<0.01). Blood samples taken on 105 days of gestation, within 24 h of farrowing, day 7 of lactation and at weaning (28±3 days post-farrowing) showed there were no differences in plasma concentrations of triacylglycerol, non-esterified fatty acids, insulin or IGF-1 throughout the trial. However, circulating plasma concentrations of both glucose and leptin were elevated during lactation in PO sows (P<0.05 and P<0.005, respectively) and thyroxine was greater at weaning in PO sows (P<0.05). Piglet weight and body composition were similar at birth, as were piglet growth rates throughout the pre-weaning period. A period of 7 days after birth, C piglets contained more body fat, as indicated by their lower fat-free mass per kg (C: 66.4±0.8 arbitrary units/kg; PO: 69.7±0.8 arbitrary unit/kg; P<0.01), but by day 14 of life this situation was reversed (C: 65.8±0.6 arbitrary units/kg; PO: 63.6±0.6 arbitrary units/kg; P<0.05). Following weaning, PO sows exhibited an increased ratio of male to female offspring at their subsequent farrowing (C: 1.0±0.3; PO: 2.2±0.2; P<0.05). We conclude that supplementation of sow diets with PO during late gestation and lactation appears to increase sow milk fat content and hence energy supply to piglets. Furthermore, elevated glucose concentrations in the sow during lactation may be suggestive of impaired glucose homoeostasis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T10:40:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7d559134279041e9a018df403a50210d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1751-7311 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T10:40:37Z |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animal |
| spelling | doaj.art-7d559134279041e9a018df403a50210d2022-12-21T20:25:28ZengElsevierAnimal1751-73112018-01-01121225782586Supplementing sow diets with palm oil during late gestation and lactation: effects on milk production, sow hormonal profiles and growth and development of her offspringJ. Laws0D.T. Juniper1I.J. Lean2E. Amusquivar3E. Herrera4P.F. Dodds5L. Clarke6Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, TN25 5AH, Wye, Kent, UKSchool of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, UKFaculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, TN25 5AH, Wye, Kent, UKFacultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, SpainFacultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, SpainFaculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, TN25 5AH, Wye, Kent, UKFaculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, TN25 5AH, Wye, Kent, UKThe supplementing of sow diets with lipids during pregnancy and lactation has been shown to reduce sow condition loss and improve piglet performance. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of supplemental palm oil (PO) on sow performance, plasma metabolites and hormones, milk profiles and pre-weaning piglet development. A commercial sow ration (C) or an experimental diet supplemented with 10% extra energy in the form of PO, were provided from day 90 of gestation until weaning (24 to 28 days postpartum) in two groups of eight multiparous sows. Gestation length of PO sows increased by 1 day (P<0.05). Maternal BW changes were similar throughout the trial, but loss of backfat during lactation was reduced in PO animals (C: −3.6±0.8 mm; PO: −0.1±0.8 mm; P<0.01). Milk fat was increased by PO supplementation (C day 3: 8.0±0.3% fat; PO day 3: 9.1±0.3% fat; C day 7: 7.8±0.5% fat; PO day 7: 9.9±0.5% fat; P<0.05) and hence milk energy yield of PO sows was also elevated (P<0.05). The proportion of saturated fatty acids was greater in colostrum from PO sows (C: 29.19±0.31 g/100 g of fat; PO: 30.77±0.36 g/100 g of fat; P<0.01). Blood samples taken on 105 days of gestation, within 24 h of farrowing, day 7 of lactation and at weaning (28±3 days post-farrowing) showed there were no differences in plasma concentrations of triacylglycerol, non-esterified fatty acids, insulin or IGF-1 throughout the trial. However, circulating plasma concentrations of both glucose and leptin were elevated during lactation in PO sows (P<0.05 and P<0.005, respectively) and thyroxine was greater at weaning in PO sows (P<0.05). Piglet weight and body composition were similar at birth, as were piglet growth rates throughout the pre-weaning period. A period of 7 days after birth, C piglets contained more body fat, as indicated by their lower fat-free mass per kg (C: 66.4±0.8 arbitrary units/kg; PO: 69.7±0.8 arbitrary unit/kg; P<0.01), but by day 14 of life this situation was reversed (C: 65.8±0.6 arbitrary units/kg; PO: 63.6±0.6 arbitrary units/kg; P<0.05). Following weaning, PO sows exhibited an increased ratio of male to female offspring at their subsequent farrowing (C: 1.0±0.3; PO: 2.2±0.2; P<0.05). We conclude that supplementation of sow diets with PO during late gestation and lactation appears to increase sow milk fat content and hence energy supply to piglets. Furthermore, elevated glucose concentrations in the sow during lactation may be suggestive of impaired glucose homoeostasis.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1751731118000885metabolitespigletsbody compositionmilkfatty acids |
| spellingShingle | J. Laws D.T. Juniper I.J. Lean E. Amusquivar E. Herrera P.F. Dodds L. Clarke Supplementing sow diets with palm oil during late gestation and lactation: effects on milk production, sow hormonal profiles and growth and development of her offspring Animal metabolites piglets body composition milk fatty acids |
| title | Supplementing sow diets with palm oil during late gestation and lactation: effects on milk production, sow hormonal profiles and growth and development of her offspring |
| title_full | Supplementing sow diets with palm oil during late gestation and lactation: effects on milk production, sow hormonal profiles and growth and development of her offspring |
| title_fullStr | Supplementing sow diets with palm oil during late gestation and lactation: effects on milk production, sow hormonal profiles and growth and development of her offspring |
| title_full_unstemmed | Supplementing sow diets with palm oil during late gestation and lactation: effects on milk production, sow hormonal profiles and growth and development of her offspring |
| title_short | Supplementing sow diets with palm oil during late gestation and lactation: effects on milk production, sow hormonal profiles and growth and development of her offspring |
| title_sort | supplementing sow diets with palm oil during late gestation and lactation effects on milk production sow hormonal profiles and growth and development of her offspring |
| topic | metabolites piglets body composition milk fatty acids |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1751731118000885 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jlaws supplementingsowdietswithpalmoilduringlategestationandlactationeffectsonmilkproductionsowhormonalprofilesandgrowthanddevelopmentofheroffspring AT dtjuniper supplementingsowdietswithpalmoilduringlategestationandlactationeffectsonmilkproductionsowhormonalprofilesandgrowthanddevelopmentofheroffspring AT ijlean supplementingsowdietswithpalmoilduringlategestationandlactationeffectsonmilkproductionsowhormonalprofilesandgrowthanddevelopmentofheroffspring AT eamusquivar supplementingsowdietswithpalmoilduringlategestationandlactationeffectsonmilkproductionsowhormonalprofilesandgrowthanddevelopmentofheroffspring AT eherrera supplementingsowdietswithpalmoilduringlategestationandlactationeffectsonmilkproductionsowhormonalprofilesandgrowthanddevelopmentofheroffspring AT pfdodds supplementingsowdietswithpalmoilduringlategestationandlactationeffectsonmilkproductionsowhormonalprofilesandgrowthanddevelopmentofheroffspring AT lclarke supplementingsowdietswithpalmoilduringlategestationandlactationeffectsonmilkproductionsowhormonalprofilesandgrowthanddevelopmentofheroffspring |