Advances and challenges in immunoPET methodology
Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) enables imaging of specific targets that play a role in targeted therapy and immunotherapy, such as antigens on cell membranes, targets in the disease microenvironment, or immune cells. The most common immunoPET applications use a monoclonal antibody l...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Nuclear Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnume.2024.1360710/full |
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| author | Philipp Mohr Joyce van Sluis Marjolijn N. Lub-de Hooge Marjolijn N. Lub-de Hooge Adriaan A. Lammertsma Adrienne H. Brouwers Charalampos Tsoumpas |
| author_facet | Philipp Mohr Joyce van Sluis Marjolijn N. Lub-de Hooge Marjolijn N. Lub-de Hooge Adriaan A. Lammertsma Adrienne H. Brouwers Charalampos Tsoumpas |
| author_sort | Philipp Mohr |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) enables imaging of specific targets that play a role in targeted therapy and immunotherapy, such as antigens on cell membranes, targets in the disease microenvironment, or immune cells. The most common immunoPET applications use a monoclonal antibody labeled with a relatively long-lived positron emitter such as 89Zr (T1/2 = 78.4 h), but smaller antibody-based constructs labeled with various other positron emitting radionuclides are also being investigated. This molecular imaging technique can thus guide the development of new drugs and may have a pivotal role in selecting patients for a particular therapy. In early phase immunoPET trials, multiple imaging time points are used to examine the time-dependent biodistribution and to determine the optimal imaging time point, which may be several days after tracer injection due to the slow kinetics of larger molecules. Once this has been established, usually only one static scan is performed and semi-quantitative values are reported. However, total PET uptake of a tracer is the sum of specific and nonspecific uptake. In addition, uptake may be affected by other factors such as perfusion, pre-/co-administration of the unlabeled molecule, and the treatment schedule. This article reviews imaging methodologies used in immunoPET studies and is divided into two parts. The first part summarizes the vast majority of clinical immunoPET studies applying semi-quantitative methodologies. The second part focuses on a handful of studies applying pharmacokinetic models and includes preclinical and simulation studies. Finally, the potential and challenges of immunoPET quantification methodologies are discussed within the context of the recent technological advancements provided by long axial field of view PET/CT scanners. |
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7d565d08171149268448b6d9f6bf195b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-8880 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-03-20T09:01:41Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Nuclear Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-7d565d08171149268448b6d9f6bf195b2024-09-27T10:51:25ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nuclear Medicine2673-88802024-02-01410.3389/fnume.2024.13607101360710Advances and challenges in immunoPET methodologyPhilipp Mohr0Joyce van Sluis1Marjolijn N. Lub-de Hooge2Marjolijn N. Lub-de Hooge3Adriaan A. Lammertsma4Adrienne H. Brouwers5Charalampos Tsoumpas6Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, NetherlandsDepartment of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, NetherlandsDepartment of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, NetherlandsDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, NetherlandsDepartment of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, NetherlandsDepartment of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, NetherlandsDepartment of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, NetherlandsImmuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) enables imaging of specific targets that play a role in targeted therapy and immunotherapy, such as antigens on cell membranes, targets in the disease microenvironment, or immune cells. The most common immunoPET applications use a monoclonal antibody labeled with a relatively long-lived positron emitter such as 89Zr (T1/2 = 78.4 h), but smaller antibody-based constructs labeled with various other positron emitting radionuclides are also being investigated. This molecular imaging technique can thus guide the development of new drugs and may have a pivotal role in selecting patients for a particular therapy. In early phase immunoPET trials, multiple imaging time points are used to examine the time-dependent biodistribution and to determine the optimal imaging time point, which may be several days after tracer injection due to the slow kinetics of larger molecules. Once this has been established, usually only one static scan is performed and semi-quantitative values are reported. However, total PET uptake of a tracer is the sum of specific and nonspecific uptake. In addition, uptake may be affected by other factors such as perfusion, pre-/co-administration of the unlabeled molecule, and the treatment schedule. This article reviews imaging methodologies used in immunoPET studies and is divided into two parts. The first part summarizes the vast majority of clinical immunoPET studies applying semi-quantitative methodologies. The second part focuses on a handful of studies applying pharmacokinetic models and includes preclinical and simulation studies. Finally, the potential and challenges of immunoPET quantification methodologies are discussed within the context of the recent technological advancements provided by long axial field of view PET/CT scanners.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnume.2024.1360710/fullmonoclonal antibodyimmunoPETquantificationkinetic modelingzirconiumimaging |
| spellingShingle | Philipp Mohr Joyce van Sluis Marjolijn N. Lub-de Hooge Marjolijn N. Lub-de Hooge Adriaan A. Lammertsma Adrienne H. Brouwers Charalampos Tsoumpas Advances and challenges in immunoPET methodology Frontiers in Nuclear Medicine monoclonal antibody immunoPET quantification kinetic modeling zirconium imaging |
| title | Advances and challenges in immunoPET methodology |
| title_full | Advances and challenges in immunoPET methodology |
| title_fullStr | Advances and challenges in immunoPET methodology |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advances and challenges in immunoPET methodology |
| title_short | Advances and challenges in immunoPET methodology |
| title_sort | advances and challenges in immunopet methodology |
| topic | monoclonal antibody immunoPET quantification kinetic modeling zirconium imaging |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnume.2024.1360710/full |
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