Phytochemical Analysis and Biological Investigation of <i>Nepeta juncea</i> Benth. Different Extracts
This study was carried out to screen the amount and the classes of secondary metabolites and to evaluate the antioxidant, cytotoxic, antifungal, and antibacterial activities of the methanolic, ethanolic, and water extracts of the roots, leaves, and flowers of <i>Nepeta juncea</i> Benth....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/5/646 |
| _version_ | 1827716600070930432 |
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| author | Majid Sharifi-Rad Francesco Epifano Serena Fiorito José M. Álvarez-Suarez |
| author_facet | Majid Sharifi-Rad Francesco Epifano Serena Fiorito José M. Álvarez-Suarez |
| author_sort | Majid Sharifi-Rad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study was carried out to screen the amount and the classes of secondary metabolites and to evaluate the antioxidant, cytotoxic, antifungal, and antibacterial activities of the methanolic, ethanolic, and water extracts of the roots, leaves, and flowers of <i>Nepeta juncea</i> Benth. The results show that the highest total phenol (69.54 ± 0.31 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g dry weight), total flavonoid (41.37 ± 0.17 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g dry weight), anthocyanin (6.52 ± 0.21 mg cyanidin/100 g dry weight), and tannin (47.36 ± 0.33 mg catechin/g dry weight) concentrations were recorded in the methanolic extract of the leaves of <i>N. juncea</i>. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis of the extracts showed that 1,8-cineole, 4aα-7α-7aα-nepetalactone, β-pinene, terpinen-4-ol, and α-terpineol were the major compounds, respectively. The best 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant, cytotoxic, antifungal, and antibacterial activities were observed for the methanolic extract of the leaves. For the two latter activities, the best activity was revealed on <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Bacillus cereus</i>, and <i>Candida albicans</i>. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for the antimicrobial of the methanolic extract from the leaves were in the range of 25–100 µg/mL, whereas the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were in the range of 50–200 µg/mL. The results reported herein show that, for the first time in the literature, <i>N. juncea</i> is a remarkable source of antioxidant, antifungal, and antibacterial compounds. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:43:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7d5a8ab61fd044188eaaaeecaaf78423 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:43:52Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-7d5a8ab61fd044188eaaaeecaaf784232023-11-20T00:58:03ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472020-05-019564610.3390/plants9050646Phytochemical Analysis and Biological Investigation of <i>Nepeta juncea</i> Benth. Different ExtractsMajid Sharifi-Rad0Francesco Epifano1Serena Fiorito2José M. Álvarez-Suarez3Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Water and Soil, University of Zabol, Zabol 98613-35856, IranDipartimento di Farmacia, Università “Gabriele d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo (CH), ItalyDipartimento di Farmacia, Università “Gabriele d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo (CH), ItalyKing Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaThis study was carried out to screen the amount and the classes of secondary metabolites and to evaluate the antioxidant, cytotoxic, antifungal, and antibacterial activities of the methanolic, ethanolic, and water extracts of the roots, leaves, and flowers of <i>Nepeta juncea</i> Benth. The results show that the highest total phenol (69.54 ± 0.31 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g dry weight), total flavonoid (41.37 ± 0.17 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g dry weight), anthocyanin (6.52 ± 0.21 mg cyanidin/100 g dry weight), and tannin (47.36 ± 0.33 mg catechin/g dry weight) concentrations were recorded in the methanolic extract of the leaves of <i>N. juncea</i>. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis of the extracts showed that 1,8-cineole, 4aα-7α-7aα-nepetalactone, β-pinene, terpinen-4-ol, and α-terpineol were the major compounds, respectively. The best 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant, cytotoxic, antifungal, and antibacterial activities were observed for the methanolic extract of the leaves. For the two latter activities, the best activity was revealed on <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Bacillus cereus</i>, and <i>Candida albicans</i>. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for the antimicrobial of the methanolic extract from the leaves were in the range of 25–100 µg/mL, whereas the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were in the range of 50–200 µg/mL. The results reported herein show that, for the first time in the literature, <i>N. juncea</i> is a remarkable source of antioxidant, antifungal, and antibacterial compounds.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/5/646biological activitiesbioactive compoundshuman cancer cells<i>Nepeta juncea</i> Benth |
| spellingShingle | Majid Sharifi-Rad Francesco Epifano Serena Fiorito José M. Álvarez-Suarez Phytochemical Analysis and Biological Investigation of <i>Nepeta juncea</i> Benth. Different Extracts Plants biological activities bioactive compounds human cancer cells <i>Nepeta juncea</i> Benth |
| title | Phytochemical Analysis and Biological Investigation of <i>Nepeta juncea</i> Benth. Different Extracts |
| title_full | Phytochemical Analysis and Biological Investigation of <i>Nepeta juncea</i> Benth. Different Extracts |
| title_fullStr | Phytochemical Analysis and Biological Investigation of <i>Nepeta juncea</i> Benth. Different Extracts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phytochemical Analysis and Biological Investigation of <i>Nepeta juncea</i> Benth. Different Extracts |
| title_short | Phytochemical Analysis and Biological Investigation of <i>Nepeta juncea</i> Benth. Different Extracts |
| title_sort | phytochemical analysis and biological investigation of i nepeta juncea i benth different extracts |
| topic | biological activities bioactive compounds human cancer cells <i>Nepeta juncea</i> Benth |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/5/646 |
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