Trastuzumab-Emtansine and Osimertinib Combination Therapy to Target HER2 Bypass Track Resistance in EGFR Mutation-Positive NSCLC

Introduction: EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor improved the survival of patients with metastatic EGFR mutation-positive (EGFRm+) NSCLC. Despite high response rates, resistance develops inevitably in every patient. In up to 13%, HER2 protein overexpression is found on progression. We hypothesized that...

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Main Authors: M. Jebbink, MD, A.J. de Langen, MD, PhD, K. Monkhorst, MD, PhD, M.C. Boelens, PhD, D. van den Broek, PhD, V. van der Noort, PhD, C.J. de Gooijer, MD, PhD, M. Mahn, MSc, A.J. van der Wekken, MD, PhD, L. Hendriks, MD, PhD, S.M.S. Hashemi, MD, PhD, M.S. Paats, MD, PhD, A.C. Dingemans, MD, PhD, E.F. Smit, MD, PhD
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2023-04-01
Series:JTO Clinical and Research Reports
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666364323000206
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Summary:Introduction: EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor improved the survival of patients with metastatic EGFR mutation-positive (EGFRm+) NSCLC. Despite high response rates, resistance develops inevitably in every patient. In up to 13%, HER2 protein overexpression is found on progression. We hypothesized that dual blockade of EGFR and HER2 by osimertinib combined with trastuzumab-emtansine (T-DM1) could reinduce tumor responses. Methods: In this multicenter, single-arm, phase 1-2 study (NCT03784599), patients with EGFRm+ NSCLC, progressing on osimertinib and HER2 overexpression were included. Patients were treated with T-DM1 3.6 mg/kg (intravenously) every 3 weeks and osimertinib 80 mg once a day. Primary end points were objective response rate (ORR) at 12 weeks and safety. Responses were assessed every 6 weeks (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1). Sample size was calculated using Simon’s two-stage minimax design (H0 = 41%, H1 > 55%, 80% power, one-sided type I error 10%: a ORR 16 of 36 was needed to proceed to 58 patients). Results: From January 2019 to April 2021, 27 patients were enrolled. ORR after 12 weeks of treatment was 4% (1 of 27). Median progression-free survival was 2.8 months (95% confidence interval: 1.4–4.6 mo). Most frequent treatment-related adverse events of any grade were fatigue, diarrhea, and nausea, among these, grade 3 in four patients. There were no grade 4 or 5 therapy-related adverse events. Conclusions: TRAEMOS (Trastuzumab-Emtansine and Osimertinib) is the first trial combining T-DM1 and osimertinib in patients with EGFRm+ NSCLC to target HER2 overexpression at osimertinib resistance. Safety profile was favorable compared with cytotoxic chemotherapy; but treatment revealed limited efficacy. Further clinical evaluation of this regimen is not warranted.
ISSN:2666-3643