Chemometric Analysis Evidencing the Variability in the Composition of Essential Oils in 10 <i>Salvia</i> Species from Different Taxonomic Sections or Phylogenetic Clades
Essential oil (EO) of <i>Salvia</i> spp. has been widely used for culinary purposes and in perfumery and cosmetics, as well as having beneficial effects on human health. The present study aimed to investigate the quantitative and qualitative variations in EOs in wild-growing and cultivat...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-03-01
|
| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/7/1547 |
| _version_ | 1827286708039712768 |
|---|---|
| author | Ekaterina-Michaela Tomou Panagiota Fraskou Konstantina Dimakopoulou Eleftherios Dariotis Nikos Krigas Helen Skaltsa |
| author_facet | Ekaterina-Michaela Tomou Panagiota Fraskou Konstantina Dimakopoulou Eleftherios Dariotis Nikos Krigas Helen Skaltsa |
| author_sort | Ekaterina-Michaela Tomou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Essential oil (EO) of <i>Salvia</i> spp. has been widely used for culinary purposes and in perfumery and cosmetics, as well as having beneficial effects on human health. The present study aimed to investigate the quantitative and qualitative variations in EOs in wild-growing and cultivated pairs of samples from members in four <i>Salvia</i> sections or three clades, namely <i>S. argentea</i> L. (Sect. <i>Aethiopis</i>; Clade I-C), <i>S. ringens</i> Sm. (Sect. <i>Eusphace</i>; Clade I-D), <i>S. verticillata</i> L. (Sect. <i>Hemisphace</i>; Clade I-B), <i>S. amplexicaulis</i> Lam., and <i>S. pratensis</i> L. (Sect. <i>Plethiosphace</i>; Clade I-C). Furthermore, the natural variability in EO composition due to different genotypes adapted in different geographical and environmental conditions was examined by employing members of three <i>Salvia</i> sections or two phylogenetic clades, namely <i>S. sclarea</i> L. (six samples; Sect. <i>Aethiopis</i> or Clade I-C), <i>S. ringens</i> (three samples; Sect. <i>Eusphace</i> or Clade I-D), and <i>S. amplexicaulis</i> (five samples; Sect. <i>Plethiosphace</i> or Clade I-C). We also investigated the EO composition of four wild-growing species of two <i>Salvia</i> sections, i.e., <i>S. aethiopis</i> L., <i>S. candidissima</i> Vahl, and <i>S. teddii</i> of Sect. <i>Aethiopis</i>, as well as the cultivated material of <i>S. virgata</i> Jacq. (Sect. <i>Plethiosphace</i>), all belonging to Clade I-C. The EO composition of the Greek endemic <i>S. teddii</i> is presented herein only for the first time. Taken together, the findings of previous studies are summarized and critically discussed with the obtained results. Chemometric analysis (PCA, HCA, and clustered heat map) was used to identify the sample relationships based on their chemical classes, resulting in the classification of two distinct groups. These can be further explored in assistance of classical or modern taxonomic <i>Salvia</i> studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:39:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7d76cfaddd61489d908261a59f690e23 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:39:11Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-7d76cfaddd61489d908261a59f690e232024-04-12T13:23:22ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492024-03-01297154710.3390/molecules29071547Chemometric Analysis Evidencing the Variability in the Composition of Essential Oils in 10 <i>Salvia</i> Species from Different Taxonomic Sections or Phylogenetic CladesEkaterina-Michaela Tomou0Panagiota Fraskou1Konstantina Dimakopoulou2Eleftherios Dariotis3Nikos Krigas4Helen Skaltsa5Department of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, GreeceInstitute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DEMETER (ELGO Dimitra), 57001 Thermi, GreeceInstitute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DEMETER (ELGO Dimitra), 57001 Thermi, GreeceDepartment of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, GreeceEssential oil (EO) of <i>Salvia</i> spp. has been widely used for culinary purposes and in perfumery and cosmetics, as well as having beneficial effects on human health. The present study aimed to investigate the quantitative and qualitative variations in EOs in wild-growing and cultivated pairs of samples from members in four <i>Salvia</i> sections or three clades, namely <i>S. argentea</i> L. (Sect. <i>Aethiopis</i>; Clade I-C), <i>S. ringens</i> Sm. (Sect. <i>Eusphace</i>; Clade I-D), <i>S. verticillata</i> L. (Sect. <i>Hemisphace</i>; Clade I-B), <i>S. amplexicaulis</i> Lam., and <i>S. pratensis</i> L. (Sect. <i>Plethiosphace</i>; Clade I-C). Furthermore, the natural variability in EO composition due to different genotypes adapted in different geographical and environmental conditions was examined by employing members of three <i>Salvia</i> sections or two phylogenetic clades, namely <i>S. sclarea</i> L. (six samples; Sect. <i>Aethiopis</i> or Clade I-C), <i>S. ringens</i> (three samples; Sect. <i>Eusphace</i> or Clade I-D), and <i>S. amplexicaulis</i> (five samples; Sect. <i>Plethiosphace</i> or Clade I-C). We also investigated the EO composition of four wild-growing species of two <i>Salvia</i> sections, i.e., <i>S. aethiopis</i> L., <i>S. candidissima</i> Vahl, and <i>S. teddii</i> of Sect. <i>Aethiopis</i>, as well as the cultivated material of <i>S. virgata</i> Jacq. (Sect. <i>Plethiosphace</i>), all belonging to Clade I-C. The EO composition of the Greek endemic <i>S. teddii</i> is presented herein only for the first time. Taken together, the findings of previous studies are summarized and critically discussed with the obtained results. Chemometric analysis (PCA, HCA, and clustered heat map) was used to identify the sample relationships based on their chemical classes, resulting in the classification of two distinct groups. These can be further explored in assistance of classical or modern taxonomic <i>Salvia</i> studies.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/7/1547sagevolatile compoundsGC–MSchemotaxonomymedicinal–aromatic plantsMAPs |
| spellingShingle | Ekaterina-Michaela Tomou Panagiota Fraskou Konstantina Dimakopoulou Eleftherios Dariotis Nikos Krigas Helen Skaltsa Chemometric Analysis Evidencing the Variability in the Composition of Essential Oils in 10 <i>Salvia</i> Species from Different Taxonomic Sections or Phylogenetic Clades Molecules sage volatile compounds GC–MS chemotaxonomy medicinal–aromatic plants MAPs |
| title | Chemometric Analysis Evidencing the Variability in the Composition of Essential Oils in 10 <i>Salvia</i> Species from Different Taxonomic Sections or Phylogenetic Clades |
| title_full | Chemometric Analysis Evidencing the Variability in the Composition of Essential Oils in 10 <i>Salvia</i> Species from Different Taxonomic Sections or Phylogenetic Clades |
| title_fullStr | Chemometric Analysis Evidencing the Variability in the Composition of Essential Oils in 10 <i>Salvia</i> Species from Different Taxonomic Sections or Phylogenetic Clades |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chemometric Analysis Evidencing the Variability in the Composition of Essential Oils in 10 <i>Salvia</i> Species from Different Taxonomic Sections or Phylogenetic Clades |
| title_short | Chemometric Analysis Evidencing the Variability in the Composition of Essential Oils in 10 <i>Salvia</i> Species from Different Taxonomic Sections or Phylogenetic Clades |
| title_sort | chemometric analysis evidencing the variability in the composition of essential oils in 10 i salvia i species from different taxonomic sections or phylogenetic clades |
| topic | sage volatile compounds GC–MS chemotaxonomy medicinal–aromatic plants MAPs |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/7/1547 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ekaterinamichaelatomou chemometricanalysisevidencingthevariabilityinthecompositionofessentialoilsin10isalviaispeciesfromdifferenttaxonomicsectionsorphylogeneticclades AT panagiotafraskou chemometricanalysisevidencingthevariabilityinthecompositionofessentialoilsin10isalviaispeciesfromdifferenttaxonomicsectionsorphylogeneticclades AT konstantinadimakopoulou chemometricanalysisevidencingthevariabilityinthecompositionofessentialoilsin10isalviaispeciesfromdifferenttaxonomicsectionsorphylogeneticclades AT eleftheriosdariotis chemometricanalysisevidencingthevariabilityinthecompositionofessentialoilsin10isalviaispeciesfromdifferenttaxonomicsectionsorphylogeneticclades AT nikoskrigas chemometricanalysisevidencingthevariabilityinthecompositionofessentialoilsin10isalviaispeciesfromdifferenttaxonomicsectionsorphylogeneticclades AT helenskaltsa chemometricanalysisevidencingthevariabilityinthecompositionofessentialoilsin10isalviaispeciesfromdifferenttaxonomicsectionsorphylogeneticclades |