Determination of Lipophilic Marine Biotoxins in Mussels Harvested from the Adriatic Sea by LC-MS/MS
Lipophilic marine biotoxins include okadaic acid, pectenotoxin, yessotoxin and azaspiracid groups. The consumption of contaminated molluscs can lead to acute food poisoning syndromes depending on the exposure level. Regulatory limits have been set by Regulation (European Community, 2004a) No 853/200...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-02-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00152/full |
| _version_ | 1818981456340320256 |
|---|---|
| author | Maria Schirone Miriam Berti Pierina Visciano Francesco Chiumiento Giacomo Migliorati Rosanna Tofalo Giovanna Suzzi Federica Di Giacinto Nicola Ferri |
| author_facet | Maria Schirone Miriam Berti Pierina Visciano Francesco Chiumiento Giacomo Migliorati Rosanna Tofalo Giovanna Suzzi Federica Di Giacinto Nicola Ferri |
| author_sort | Maria Schirone |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lipophilic marine biotoxins include okadaic acid, pectenotoxin, yessotoxin and azaspiracid groups. The consumption of contaminated molluscs can lead to acute food poisoning syndromes depending on the exposure level. Regulatory limits have been set by Regulation (European Community, 2004a) No 853/2004 and LC-MS/MS is used as the official analytical method according to Regulation (European Community, 2011) No 15/2011. In this study specimens of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were collected along the coasts of the central Adriatic Sea during the years 2015–2017 and analyzed by the European harmonized Standard Operating Procedure. The method was validated for linearity, specificity, repeatability and reproducibility and it revealed able to be used for the detection of the lipophilic marine biotoxins. Levels of okadaic acid, pectenotoxin, yessotoxin and its analogs were detected at different concentrations in 148 (37%) out of a total of 400 samples, always below the maximum limits, except for 11 (4.3%) of them that were non-compliant because they exceeded the regulatory limit. Moreover, some samples were exposed to a multi-toxin mixture with regards to okadaic acid, yessotoxin and 1-Homo yessotoxin. Following these results, the aquaculture farms from which the non-compliant samples derived were closed until the analytical data of two consecutive samplings returned favorable. Besides the potential risk of consumption of mussels contaminated by lipophilic marine biotoxins, these marine organisms can be considered as bio-indicators of the contamination status of the marine ecosystem. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T17:31:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7d7b1ee43bc541cda26b9fb36bf55256 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T17:31:36Z |
| publishDate | 2018-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-7d7b1ee43bc541cda26b9fb36bf552562022-12-21T19:31:21ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2018-02-01910.3389/fmicb.2018.00152340906Determination of Lipophilic Marine Biotoxins in Mussels Harvested from the Adriatic Sea by LC-MS/MSMaria Schirone0Miriam Berti1Pierina Visciano2Francesco Chiumiento3Giacomo Migliorati4Rosanna Tofalo5Giovanna Suzzi6Federica Di Giacinto7Nicola Ferri8Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, ItalyBiologia delle Acque Interne, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, ItalyFaculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, ItalyBromatologia e Residui negli Alimenti per l'Uomo e gli Animali, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, ItalyBromatologia e Residui negli Alimenti per l'Uomo e gli Animali, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, ItalyFaculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, ItalyFaculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, ItalyBiologia delle Acque Interne, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, ItalyBiologia delle Acque Interne, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, ItalyLipophilic marine biotoxins include okadaic acid, pectenotoxin, yessotoxin and azaspiracid groups. The consumption of contaminated molluscs can lead to acute food poisoning syndromes depending on the exposure level. Regulatory limits have been set by Regulation (European Community, 2004a) No 853/2004 and LC-MS/MS is used as the official analytical method according to Regulation (European Community, 2011) No 15/2011. In this study specimens of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were collected along the coasts of the central Adriatic Sea during the years 2015–2017 and analyzed by the European harmonized Standard Operating Procedure. The method was validated for linearity, specificity, repeatability and reproducibility and it revealed able to be used for the detection of the lipophilic marine biotoxins. Levels of okadaic acid, pectenotoxin, yessotoxin and its analogs were detected at different concentrations in 148 (37%) out of a total of 400 samples, always below the maximum limits, except for 11 (4.3%) of them that were non-compliant because they exceeded the regulatory limit. Moreover, some samples were exposed to a multi-toxin mixture with regards to okadaic acid, yessotoxin and 1-Homo yessotoxin. Following these results, the aquaculture farms from which the non-compliant samples derived were closed until the analytical data of two consecutive samplings returned favorable. Besides the potential risk of consumption of mussels contaminated by lipophilic marine biotoxins, these marine organisms can be considered as bio-indicators of the contamination status of the marine ecosystem.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00152/fullmarine biotoxinsokadaic aciddinophysistoxinazaspiracidyessotoxinMytilus galloprovincialis |
| spellingShingle | Maria Schirone Miriam Berti Pierina Visciano Francesco Chiumiento Giacomo Migliorati Rosanna Tofalo Giovanna Suzzi Federica Di Giacinto Nicola Ferri Determination of Lipophilic Marine Biotoxins in Mussels Harvested from the Adriatic Sea by LC-MS/MS Frontiers in Microbiology marine biotoxins okadaic acid dinophysistoxin azaspiracid yessotoxin Mytilus galloprovincialis |
| title | Determination of Lipophilic Marine Biotoxins in Mussels Harvested from the Adriatic Sea by LC-MS/MS |
| title_full | Determination of Lipophilic Marine Biotoxins in Mussels Harvested from the Adriatic Sea by LC-MS/MS |
| title_fullStr | Determination of Lipophilic Marine Biotoxins in Mussels Harvested from the Adriatic Sea by LC-MS/MS |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determination of Lipophilic Marine Biotoxins in Mussels Harvested from the Adriatic Sea by LC-MS/MS |
| title_short | Determination of Lipophilic Marine Biotoxins in Mussels Harvested from the Adriatic Sea by LC-MS/MS |
| title_sort | determination of lipophilic marine biotoxins in mussels harvested from the adriatic sea by lc ms ms |
| topic | marine biotoxins okadaic acid dinophysistoxin azaspiracid yessotoxin Mytilus galloprovincialis |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00152/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mariaschirone determinationoflipophilicmarinebiotoxinsinmusselsharvestedfromtheadriaticseabylcmsms AT miriamberti determinationoflipophilicmarinebiotoxinsinmusselsharvestedfromtheadriaticseabylcmsms AT pierinavisciano determinationoflipophilicmarinebiotoxinsinmusselsharvestedfromtheadriaticseabylcmsms AT francescochiumiento determinationoflipophilicmarinebiotoxinsinmusselsharvestedfromtheadriaticseabylcmsms AT giacomomigliorati determinationoflipophilicmarinebiotoxinsinmusselsharvestedfromtheadriaticseabylcmsms AT rosannatofalo determinationoflipophilicmarinebiotoxinsinmusselsharvestedfromtheadriaticseabylcmsms AT giovannasuzzi determinationoflipophilicmarinebiotoxinsinmusselsharvestedfromtheadriaticseabylcmsms AT federicadigiacinto determinationoflipophilicmarinebiotoxinsinmusselsharvestedfromtheadriaticseabylcmsms AT nicolaferri determinationoflipophilicmarinebiotoxinsinmusselsharvestedfromtheadriaticseabylcmsms |