Combustion Characteristics of Torrefied Wood Samples of Pinus Carrebea and Leucaena Leucocephala Grown in Nigeria
Torrefaction of selected wood samples of Pinus Carrebea and Leucaena Leucocephala were carried out at temperatures ranging from 200 to 300°C to improve the energy parameters of biomass and to determine the effect of torrefication temperature on the physical and combustion properties of wood selec...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Editura Universitatii Transilvania din Brasov
2016-12-01
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| Series: | Pro Ligno |
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| Online Access: | http://www.proligno.ro/en/articles/2016/4/faruwa.pdf |
| Summary: | Torrefaction of selected wood samples of Pinus Carrebea and Leucaena Leucocephala were
carried out at temperatures ranging from 200 to 300°C to improve the energy parameters of biomass
and to determine the effect of torrefication temperature on the physical and combustion properties of
wood selected from Pinus carrebea and Leuceanea leucocephala grown in Nigeria. In this process the
biomass hemicellulose is degraded, maintaining its cellulose and lignin content. The samples were
dried and heated to 225, 250, 275, and 300°C. Then the torrefied mass was subjected to basic
property testing on proximate analysis and heating value was calculated in order to understand the
differences between raw material and its torrefied products. Specifically, the wood blocks changed
from light brown to black, stemming from the partial carbonization at the wood surface. When the
temperature is 225°C, the color of the wood is between dark brown and once the torrefaction
temperatures are 250 and 275°C, the colors of the wood become dark and darker respectively. The
results of the proximate analysis also showed that increasing of torrefied temperature; volatile fraction
was reduced while fixed carbon was increased with increase in temperature from 21.34 to 52.74 and
18.58 to 56.83 for Leucaena leucocephala and Pinus carreabeanus respectively at 225 to 300°C. The
volatile content is decreased from 78.58% to 62.76% with increase in temperature. Ash content of
were within 1.57-3.41% of torrefied wood. It could be observed that the High calorific value (HCV for
pine ranged between 19.80 and 28.06MJ/Kg for the top, 19.93and 24.96MJ/kg for middle with
19.72and 25.96MJ/Kg for base. The values recorded for raw sample and at 275°C been the lowest
and highest respectively. The High calorific value (HCV) were found to be on the increase and nose
dive at 300°C for the tree parts used in this research. The result revealed that for Leuceana the value
increased from raw up to 275°C and at 300°C, a drop in the HHC was experienced. The result also
showed that between raw and 250°C the value were statistically not at variance though higher value
was recorded at 250°C (22.04MJ/kg). Likewise, between 275°C and 300°C there was no variance
statistically, but higher value was observed for 275°C (26.32). It could be observed that the HHC for
pine ranged between 19.80 and 28.06MJ/Kg for the top, 19.93 and 24.96MJ/kg for middle with 19.72
and 25.96MJ/Kg for base. The result also showed that between raw and 250 the value were
statistically not at variance though higher value was recorded at 250 (22.04MJ/Kg). Likewise, between
275°C and 300°C there was no variance statistically, but higher value was observed for 275°C
(26.32MJ/Kg). The proximate analyses revealed that the species are a suitable biomass source for
torrefaction process and calorific value increase compared to control raw sample. |
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| ISSN: | 1841-4737 2069-7430 |