Twelve-Year Analysis of NO<sub>2</sub> Concentration Measurements at Belisario Station (Quito, Ecuador) Using Statistical Inference Techniques
In this paper, a robust analysis of nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) concentration measurements taken at Belisario station (Quito, Ecuador) was performed. The data used for the analysis constitute a set of measurements taken from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2019. Furthermore, the anal...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-10-01
|
| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/20/5831 |
| _version_ | 1797550869186609152 |
|---|---|
| author | Wilmar Hernandez Alfredo Mendez |
| author_facet | Wilmar Hernandez Alfredo Mendez |
| author_sort | Wilmar Hernandez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this paper, a robust analysis of nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) concentration measurements taken at Belisario station (Quito, Ecuador) was performed. The data used for the analysis constitute a set of measurements taken from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2019. Furthermore, the analysis was carried out in a robust way, defining variables that represent years, months, days and hours, and classifying these variables based on estimates of the central tendency and dispersion of the data. The estimators used here were classic, nonparametric, based on a bootstrap method, and robust. Additionally, confidence intervals based on these estimators were built, and these intervals were used to categorize the variables under study. The results of this research showed that the NO<sub>2</sub> concentration at Belisario station is not harmful to humans. Moreover, it was shown that this concentration tends to be stable across the years, changes slightly during the days of the week, and varies greatly when analyzed by months and hours of the day. Here, the precision provided by both nonparametric and robust statistical methods served to comprehensively proof the aforementioned. Finally, it can be concluded that the city of Quito is progressing on the right path in terms of improving air quality, because it has been shown that there is a decreasing tendency in the NO<sub>2</sub> concentration across the years. In addition, according to the Quito Air Quality Index, most of the observations are in either the desirable level or acceptable level of air pollution, and the number of observations that are in the desirable level of air pollution increases across the years. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:36:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7d8af3ec7e4644959c56e629ef2cdb42 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:36:32Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-7d8af3ec7e4644959c56e629ef2cdb422023-11-20T17:12:43ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202020-10-012020583110.3390/s20205831Twelve-Year Analysis of NO<sub>2</sub> Concentration Measurements at Belisario Station (Quito, Ecuador) Using Statistical Inference TechniquesWilmar Hernandez0Alfredo Mendez1Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170125, EcuadorDepartamento de Matemática Aplicada a las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones, ETS de Ingeniería y Sistemas de Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28031 Madrid, SpainIn this paper, a robust analysis of nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) concentration measurements taken at Belisario station (Quito, Ecuador) was performed. The data used for the analysis constitute a set of measurements taken from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2019. Furthermore, the analysis was carried out in a robust way, defining variables that represent years, months, days and hours, and classifying these variables based on estimates of the central tendency and dispersion of the data. The estimators used here were classic, nonparametric, based on a bootstrap method, and robust. Additionally, confidence intervals based on these estimators were built, and these intervals were used to categorize the variables under study. The results of this research showed that the NO<sub>2</sub> concentration at Belisario station is not harmful to humans. Moreover, it was shown that this concentration tends to be stable across the years, changes slightly during the days of the week, and varies greatly when analyzed by months and hours of the day. Here, the precision provided by both nonparametric and robust statistical methods served to comprehensively proof the aforementioned. Finally, it can be concluded that the city of Quito is progressing on the right path in terms of improving air quality, because it has been shown that there is a decreasing tendency in the NO<sub>2</sub> concentration across the years. In addition, according to the Quito Air Quality Index, most of the observations are in either the desirable level or acceptable level of air pollution, and the number of observations that are in the desirable level of air pollution increases across the years.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/20/5831statistical inferenceclassic analysisnonparametric analysisrobust analysisclassic confidence intervalnonparametric confidence interval |
| spellingShingle | Wilmar Hernandez Alfredo Mendez Twelve-Year Analysis of NO<sub>2</sub> Concentration Measurements at Belisario Station (Quito, Ecuador) Using Statistical Inference Techniques Sensors statistical inference classic analysis nonparametric analysis robust analysis classic confidence interval nonparametric confidence interval |
| title | Twelve-Year Analysis of NO<sub>2</sub> Concentration Measurements at Belisario Station (Quito, Ecuador) Using Statistical Inference Techniques |
| title_full | Twelve-Year Analysis of NO<sub>2</sub> Concentration Measurements at Belisario Station (Quito, Ecuador) Using Statistical Inference Techniques |
| title_fullStr | Twelve-Year Analysis of NO<sub>2</sub> Concentration Measurements at Belisario Station (Quito, Ecuador) Using Statistical Inference Techniques |
| title_full_unstemmed | Twelve-Year Analysis of NO<sub>2</sub> Concentration Measurements at Belisario Station (Quito, Ecuador) Using Statistical Inference Techniques |
| title_short | Twelve-Year Analysis of NO<sub>2</sub> Concentration Measurements at Belisario Station (Quito, Ecuador) Using Statistical Inference Techniques |
| title_sort | twelve year analysis of no sub 2 sub concentration measurements at belisario station quito ecuador using statistical inference techniques |
| topic | statistical inference classic analysis nonparametric analysis robust analysis classic confidence interval nonparametric confidence interval |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/20/5831 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT wilmarhernandez twelveyearanalysisofnosub2subconcentrationmeasurementsatbelisariostationquitoecuadorusingstatisticalinferencetechniques AT alfredomendez twelveyearanalysisofnosub2subconcentrationmeasurementsatbelisariostationquitoecuadorusingstatisticalinferencetechniques |