Green synthesis, antioxidant and anticancer activities of TiO2 nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Tulbhagia violacea
In this study, titanium oxide nanoparticles represented as TiO2(1), TiO2(2), and TiO2(3) were prepared using different volumes (10, 20, and 40 mL, respectively) of aqueous leaf extract of Tulbhagia violacea. The physicochemical characteristics of these materials were established using X-ray diffract...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Results in Chemistry |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715623002461 |
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| author | Yamkela Mbenga Jerry O. Adeyemi Doctor M.N. Mthiyane Moganavelli Singh Damian C. Onwudiwe |
| author_facet | Yamkela Mbenga Jerry O. Adeyemi Doctor M.N. Mthiyane Moganavelli Singh Damian C. Onwudiwe |
| author_sort | Yamkela Mbenga |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, titanium oxide nanoparticles represented as TiO2(1), TiO2(2), and TiO2(3) were prepared using different volumes (10, 20, and 40 mL, respectively) of aqueous leaf extract of Tulbhagia violacea. The physicochemical characteristics of these materials were established using X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The obtained XRD pattern confirmed the formation of the anatase TiO2 phase in all the prepared materials irrespective of the volume of extracts used. Nevertheless, TiO2(2) nanoparticles obtained using 20 mL of plant extract showed the highest crystallinity. The maximum absorption wavelength found in the region between 260 and 267 nm in the UV–vis spectroscopy study suggested a quantum size effect. All synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles appeared to possess varying shapes and sizes, mostly dominated by rectangular shapes that were irregularly distributed across the materials. The material was found to be highly agglomerated due to the high calcination temperature. The antioxidant assay showed weak to moderate activity relative to the standard ascorbic acid. Also, compared to 5-Fluorouracil, all the nanoparticles exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against HEK 293 and HeLa cell lines. The TiO2 (1) showed the best specificity towards the cancer cell line with IC50 values of 29.73 and 34.27 µg/mL for both HeLa and HEK 293 cell lines, respectively. This suggests its potential as a promising candidate in applications where it is important to protect healthy cells. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:28:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7d8e9ed5907548c69c1cf425f409db0e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2211-7156 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:28:23Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Results in Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj.art-7d8e9ed5907548c69c1cf425f409db0e2023-12-10T06:14:53ZengElsevierResults in Chemistry2211-71562023-12-016101007Green synthesis, antioxidant and anticancer activities of TiO2 nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Tulbhagia violaceaYamkela Mbenga0Jerry O. Adeyemi1Doctor M.N. Mthiyane2Moganavelli Singh3Damian C. Onwudiwe4Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, South AfricaMaterial Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, South Africa; Postharvest and Agro-processing Research Centre, Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South AfricaDepartment of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, South Africa; Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South AfricaNano-Gene and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South AfricaMaterial Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, South Africa; Corresponding author at: Material Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, South Africa.In this study, titanium oxide nanoparticles represented as TiO2(1), TiO2(2), and TiO2(3) were prepared using different volumes (10, 20, and 40 mL, respectively) of aqueous leaf extract of Tulbhagia violacea. The physicochemical characteristics of these materials were established using X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The obtained XRD pattern confirmed the formation of the anatase TiO2 phase in all the prepared materials irrespective of the volume of extracts used. Nevertheless, TiO2(2) nanoparticles obtained using 20 mL of plant extract showed the highest crystallinity. The maximum absorption wavelength found in the region between 260 and 267 nm in the UV–vis spectroscopy study suggested a quantum size effect. All synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles appeared to possess varying shapes and sizes, mostly dominated by rectangular shapes that were irregularly distributed across the materials. The material was found to be highly agglomerated due to the high calcination temperature. The antioxidant assay showed weak to moderate activity relative to the standard ascorbic acid. Also, compared to 5-Fluorouracil, all the nanoparticles exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against HEK 293 and HeLa cell lines. The TiO2 (1) showed the best specificity towards the cancer cell line with IC50 values of 29.73 and 34.27 µg/mL for both HeLa and HEK 293 cell lines, respectively. This suggests its potential as a promising candidate in applications where it is important to protect healthy cells.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715623002461Titanium oxideGreen synthesisTulbhagia violaceaCytotoxicityAntioxidant |
| spellingShingle | Yamkela Mbenga Jerry O. Adeyemi Doctor M.N. Mthiyane Moganavelli Singh Damian C. Onwudiwe Green synthesis, antioxidant and anticancer activities of TiO2 nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Tulbhagia violacea Results in Chemistry Titanium oxide Green synthesis Tulbhagia violacea Cytotoxicity Antioxidant |
| title | Green synthesis, antioxidant and anticancer activities of TiO2 nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Tulbhagia violacea |
| title_full | Green synthesis, antioxidant and anticancer activities of TiO2 nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Tulbhagia violacea |
| title_fullStr | Green synthesis, antioxidant and anticancer activities of TiO2 nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Tulbhagia violacea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Green synthesis, antioxidant and anticancer activities of TiO2 nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Tulbhagia violacea |
| title_short | Green synthesis, antioxidant and anticancer activities of TiO2 nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Tulbhagia violacea |
| title_sort | green synthesis antioxidant and anticancer activities of tio2 nanoparticles using aqueous extract of tulbhagia violacea |
| topic | Titanium oxide Green synthesis Tulbhagia violacea Cytotoxicity Antioxidant |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715623002461 |
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