Saprophytic <i>Bacillus</i> Accelerates the Release of Effective Components in Agarwood by Degrading Cellulose
The value of Agarwood increases with time due to the gradual release of its major components, but the mechanism behind this remains unclear. Herein we reveal that the potential driving force of this process is the degradation of cellulose in Agarwood by its saprophytic <i>Bacillus</i> &l...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/4/1428 |
| _version_ | 1827653511813267456 |
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| author | Huizhen Yang Runying He Yao Cui Ying Li Xizhen Ge |
| author_facet | Huizhen Yang Runying He Yao Cui Ying Li Xizhen Ge |
| author_sort | Huizhen Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The value of Agarwood increases with time due to the gradual release of its major components, but the mechanism behind this remains unclear. Herein we reveal that the potential driving force of this process is the degradation of cellulose in Agarwood by its saprophytic <i>Bacillus</i> <i>subtilis</i>. We selected 10-year-old Agarwood from different places and then isolated the saprophytic bacteria. We confirmed these bacteria from different sources are all <i>Bacillus</i> and confirmed they can degrade cellulose, and the highest cellulase activity reached 0.22 U/mL. By co-cultivation of the bacterium and Agarwood powder, we found that three of the strains could release the effective components of Agarwood, while they had little effect in increasing the same components in living <i>Aquilaria sinensis</i>. Finally, we demonstrated that these saprophytic <i>Bacillus</i> <i>subtilis</i> have similar effects on <i>Zanthoxylum bungeanum</i> Maxim and <i>Dalbergiaod orifera</i> T. Chen, but not on <i>Illicium verum</i> Hook. f, <i>Cinnamomum cassia</i> Presl and <i>Phellodendron chinense</i> Schneid. In conclusion, our experiment revealed that the saprophytic <i>Bacillus</i> release the effective components of Agarwood by degrading cellulose, and we provide a promising way to accelerate this process by using this bacterial agent. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:19:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7d94ec387e664cd3aaaa9f4ef484f6d9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:19:50Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-7d94ec387e664cd3aaaa9f4ef484f6d92023-11-23T21:23:51ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-02-01274142810.3390/molecules27041428Saprophytic <i>Bacillus</i> Accelerates the Release of Effective Components in Agarwood by Degrading CelluloseHuizhen Yang0Runying He1Yao Cui2Ying Li3Xizhen Ge4College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, ChinaCollege of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, ChinaCollege of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, ChinaCollege of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, ChinaCollege of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, ChinaThe value of Agarwood increases with time due to the gradual release of its major components, but the mechanism behind this remains unclear. Herein we reveal that the potential driving force of this process is the degradation of cellulose in Agarwood by its saprophytic <i>Bacillus</i> <i>subtilis</i>. We selected 10-year-old Agarwood from different places and then isolated the saprophytic bacteria. We confirmed these bacteria from different sources are all <i>Bacillus</i> and confirmed they can degrade cellulose, and the highest cellulase activity reached 0.22 U/mL. By co-cultivation of the bacterium and Agarwood powder, we found that three of the strains could release the effective components of Agarwood, while they had little effect in increasing the same components in living <i>Aquilaria sinensis</i>. Finally, we demonstrated that these saprophytic <i>Bacillus</i> <i>subtilis</i> have similar effects on <i>Zanthoxylum bungeanum</i> Maxim and <i>Dalbergiaod orifera</i> T. Chen, but not on <i>Illicium verum</i> Hook. f, <i>Cinnamomum cassia</i> Presl and <i>Phellodendron chinense</i> Schneid. In conclusion, our experiment revealed that the saprophytic <i>Bacillus</i> release the effective components of Agarwood by degrading cellulose, and we provide a promising way to accelerate this process by using this bacterial agent.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/4/1428saprophytic <i>Bacillus</i>Agarwoodcelluloseeffective components |
| spellingShingle | Huizhen Yang Runying He Yao Cui Ying Li Xizhen Ge Saprophytic <i>Bacillus</i> Accelerates the Release of Effective Components in Agarwood by Degrading Cellulose Molecules saprophytic <i>Bacillus</i> Agarwood cellulose effective components |
| title | Saprophytic <i>Bacillus</i> Accelerates the Release of Effective Components in Agarwood by Degrading Cellulose |
| title_full | Saprophytic <i>Bacillus</i> Accelerates the Release of Effective Components in Agarwood by Degrading Cellulose |
| title_fullStr | Saprophytic <i>Bacillus</i> Accelerates the Release of Effective Components in Agarwood by Degrading Cellulose |
| title_full_unstemmed | Saprophytic <i>Bacillus</i> Accelerates the Release of Effective Components in Agarwood by Degrading Cellulose |
| title_short | Saprophytic <i>Bacillus</i> Accelerates the Release of Effective Components in Agarwood by Degrading Cellulose |
| title_sort | saprophytic i bacillus i accelerates the release of effective components in agarwood by degrading cellulose |
| topic | saprophytic <i>Bacillus</i> Agarwood cellulose effective components |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/4/1428 |
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