Long-term development of performance, physiological, and training characteristics in a world-class female biathlete
PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the long-term development of performance, physiological, and training characteristics in a world-class female biathlete, with emphasis on differences between junior and senior athlete seasons.MethodsThe participant is a highly decorated female biath...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Sports and Active Living |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2023.1197793/full |
| _version_ | 1797803801286017024 |
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| author | Guro Strøm Solli Andrine Håstul Flom Rune Kjøsen Talsnes Rune Kjøsen Talsnes |
| author_facet | Guro Strøm Solli Andrine Håstul Flom Rune Kjøsen Talsnes Rune Kjøsen Talsnes |
| author_sort | Guro Strøm Solli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the long-term development of performance, physiological, and training characteristics in a world-class female biathlete, with emphasis on differences between junior and senior athlete seasons.MethodsThe participant is a highly decorated female biathlete with 22 (10 gold) medals from international championships and 28 individual World Cup wins. Performance development (ages 17–33), physiological tests (ages 22–33), and day-to-day physical and shooting training (ages 17–33) were analyzed. Training data were systemized by endurance [low-intensity training (LIT), moderate-intensity training (MIT), and high-intensity training (HIT)], exercise mode, and strength training. Shooting training recorded for each session included the number of shots fired during rest, LIT, MIT, HIT, or competitions and time spent on dry fire training.ResultsThe annual volume of physical training (409–792 h·season−1) and number of shots fired (1,163–17,328 shots·season−1) increased from the age of 17 to 28 followed by a subsequent reduction in physical training (range 657–763 h·season−1) and shots fired (13,275–15,355 shots·season−1) during the seasons of peak performance at ages 31–33. Maximal oxygen uptake in roller ski skating increased by 10% (62.9–69.2 ml·kg−1·min−1) from the age of 22 to 27. The physical training volume was 48% higher (694 ± 60 vs. 468 ± 23 h·season−1, P = .030), with 175% more shots fired (14,537 ± 1,109 vs. 5,295 ± 3,425 shots·season−1, P = .016) as a senior athlete than a junior athlete. In the physical training, these differences were mainly explained by higher volumes of LIT (602 ± 56 vs. 392 ± 22 h·season−1, P = .032) and MIT (34 ± 1 vs. 7 ± 2 h·season−1, P = .001) but less HIT (27 ± 1 vs. 42 ± 3 h·season−1, P = .006) as a senior than a junior. In line with this, shooting training as a senior included more shots fired both at rest (5,035 ± 321 vs. 1,197 ± 518 shots·season−1, P = .011) and during LIT (7,440 ± 619 vs. 2,663 ± 1,975 shots·season−1, P = .031), while a smaller insignificant difference was observed in the number of shots fired in connection with MIT, HIT, and competitions (2,061 ± 174 vs. 1,435 ± 893 shots·season−1, P = .149).ConclusionsThis study provides unique insights into the long-term development of physical and shooting training from junior to senior in a world-class female biathlete. The major differences in training characteristics between junior and senior athlete seasons were higher sport-specific volumes of LIT and MIT and less HIT. These differences were accompanied by more shooting training, particularly at rest, and in connection with LIT. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T05:27:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7d9c9b32bed941dcbd9f6a8e29aef5d7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2624-9367 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T05:27:27Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Sports and Active Living |
| spelling | doaj.art-7d9c9b32bed941dcbd9f6a8e29aef5d72023-06-15T05:25:21ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Sports and Active Living2624-93672023-06-01510.3389/fspor.2023.11977931197793Long-term development of performance, physiological, and training characteristics in a world-class female biathleteGuro Strøm Solli0Andrine Håstul Flom1Rune Kjøsen Talsnes2Rune Kjøsen Talsnes3Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, Nord University, Bodø, NorwayDepartment of Sports Science and Physical Education, Nord University, Bodø, NorwayDepartment of Sports Science and Physical Education, Nord University, Bodø, NorwayCentre for Elite Sports Research, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, NorwayPurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the long-term development of performance, physiological, and training characteristics in a world-class female biathlete, with emphasis on differences between junior and senior athlete seasons.MethodsThe participant is a highly decorated female biathlete with 22 (10 gold) medals from international championships and 28 individual World Cup wins. Performance development (ages 17–33), physiological tests (ages 22–33), and day-to-day physical and shooting training (ages 17–33) were analyzed. Training data were systemized by endurance [low-intensity training (LIT), moderate-intensity training (MIT), and high-intensity training (HIT)], exercise mode, and strength training. Shooting training recorded for each session included the number of shots fired during rest, LIT, MIT, HIT, or competitions and time spent on dry fire training.ResultsThe annual volume of physical training (409–792 h·season−1) and number of shots fired (1,163–17,328 shots·season−1) increased from the age of 17 to 28 followed by a subsequent reduction in physical training (range 657–763 h·season−1) and shots fired (13,275–15,355 shots·season−1) during the seasons of peak performance at ages 31–33. Maximal oxygen uptake in roller ski skating increased by 10% (62.9–69.2 ml·kg−1·min−1) from the age of 22 to 27. The physical training volume was 48% higher (694 ± 60 vs. 468 ± 23 h·season−1, P = .030), with 175% more shots fired (14,537 ± 1,109 vs. 5,295 ± 3,425 shots·season−1, P = .016) as a senior athlete than a junior athlete. In the physical training, these differences were mainly explained by higher volumes of LIT (602 ± 56 vs. 392 ± 22 h·season−1, P = .032) and MIT (34 ± 1 vs. 7 ± 2 h·season−1, P = .001) but less HIT (27 ± 1 vs. 42 ± 3 h·season−1, P = .006) as a senior than a junior. In line with this, shooting training as a senior included more shots fired both at rest (5,035 ± 321 vs. 1,197 ± 518 shots·season−1, P = .011) and during LIT (7,440 ± 619 vs. 2,663 ± 1,975 shots·season−1, P = .031), while a smaller insignificant difference was observed in the number of shots fired in connection with MIT, HIT, and competitions (2,061 ± 174 vs. 1,435 ± 893 shots·season−1, P = .149).ConclusionsThis study provides unique insights into the long-term development of physical and shooting training from junior to senior in a world-class female biathlete. The major differences in training characteristics between junior and senior athlete seasons were higher sport-specific volumes of LIT and MIT and less HIT. These differences were accompanied by more shooting training, particularly at rest, and in connection with LIT.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2023.1197793/fullendurance trainingfemale athletejunior athleteshootingtraining qualityXC skiing |
| spellingShingle | Guro Strøm Solli Andrine Håstul Flom Rune Kjøsen Talsnes Rune Kjøsen Talsnes Long-term development of performance, physiological, and training characteristics in a world-class female biathlete Frontiers in Sports and Active Living endurance training female athlete junior athlete shooting training quality XC skiing |
| title | Long-term development of performance, physiological, and training characteristics in a world-class female biathlete |
| title_full | Long-term development of performance, physiological, and training characteristics in a world-class female biathlete |
| title_fullStr | Long-term development of performance, physiological, and training characteristics in a world-class female biathlete |
| title_full_unstemmed | Long-term development of performance, physiological, and training characteristics in a world-class female biathlete |
| title_short | Long-term development of performance, physiological, and training characteristics in a world-class female biathlete |
| title_sort | long term development of performance physiological and training characteristics in a world class female biathlete |
| topic | endurance training female athlete junior athlete shooting training quality XC skiing |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2023.1197793/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT gurostrømsolli longtermdevelopmentofperformancephysiologicalandtrainingcharacteristicsinaworldclassfemalebiathlete AT andrinehastulflom longtermdevelopmentofperformancephysiologicalandtrainingcharacteristicsinaworldclassfemalebiathlete AT runekjøsentalsnes longtermdevelopmentofperformancephysiologicalandtrainingcharacteristicsinaworldclassfemalebiathlete AT runekjøsentalsnes longtermdevelopmentofperformancephysiologicalandtrainingcharacteristicsinaworldclassfemalebiathlete |