Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Deep-Sea Sediments from the Ultraslow-Spreading Southwest Indian Ridge: Implications for Hydrothermal Input and Igneous Host Rock
Detailed mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of typical surface sediments and hydrothermal deposits collected from the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) were studied by high-resolution XRD, SEM-EDS, XRF, and ICP-MS. The SWIR marine samples can be generally classified into t...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Minerals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/11/2/138 |
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| author | Xian Chen Xiaoming Sun Zhongwei Wu Yan Wang Xiao Lin Hongjun Chen |
| author_facet | Xian Chen Xiaoming Sun Zhongwei Wu Yan Wang Xiao Lin Hongjun Chen |
| author_sort | Xian Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Detailed mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of typical surface sediments and hydrothermal deposits collected from the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) were studied by high-resolution XRD, SEM-EDS, XRF, and ICP-MS. The SWIR marine samples can be generally classified into two main categories: surface sediment (biogenic, volcanic) and hydrothermal-derived deposit; moreover, the surface sediment can be further classified into metalliferous and non-metalliferous based on the metalliferous sediment index (MSI). The chemical composition of biogenic sediment (mainly biogenic calcite) was characterized by elevated contents of Ca, Ba, Rb, Sr, Th, and light rare earth elements (LREE), while volcanic sediment (mainly volcanogenic debris) was relatively enriched in Mn, Mg, Al, Si, Ni, Cr, and high field strength elements (HFSEs). By contrast, the hydrothermal-derived deposit (mainly pyrite-marcasite, chalcopyrite-isocubanite, and low-temperature cherts) contained significantly higher contents of Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Mn, Co, Mo, Ag, and U. In addition, the metalliferous surface sediment contained a higher content of Cu, Mn, Fe, Co, Mo, Ba, and As. Compared with their different host (source) rock, the basalt-hosted marine sediments contained higher contents of Ti–Al–Zr–Sc–Hf and/or Mo–Ba–Ag; In contrast, the peridotite-hosted marine sediments were typically characterized by elevated concentrations of Mg–Cu–Ni–Cr and/or Co–Sn–Au. The differences in element enrichment and mineral composition between these sediment types were closely related to their sedimentary environments (e.g., near/far away from the vent sites) and inherited from their host (source) rock. Together with combinations of certain characteristic elements (such as Al–Fe–Mn and Si–Al–Mg), relict hydrothermal products, and diagnostic mineral tracers (e.g., nontronite, SiO<sub>2(bio)</sub>, olivine, serpentine, talc, sepiolite, pyroxene, zeolite, etc.), it would be more effective to differentiate the host rock of deep-sea sediments and to detect a possible hydrothermal input. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:17:03Z |
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| id | doaj.art-7d9d8bf84eab4bd994750d47ac3740e5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-163X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:17:03Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-7d9d8bf84eab4bd994750d47ac3740e52023-12-03T15:17:08ZengMDPI AGMinerals2075-163X2021-01-0111213810.3390/min11020138Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Deep-Sea Sediments from the Ultraslow-Spreading Southwest Indian Ridge: Implications for Hydrothermal Input and Igneous Host RockXian Chen0Xiaoming Sun1Zhongwei Wu2Yan Wang3Xiao Lin4Hongjun Chen5School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaSchool of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaSchool of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaSouth China Sea Institute of Planning and Environmental Research, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou 510300, ChinaSchool of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaSchool of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaDetailed mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of typical surface sediments and hydrothermal deposits collected from the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) were studied by high-resolution XRD, SEM-EDS, XRF, and ICP-MS. The SWIR marine samples can be generally classified into two main categories: surface sediment (biogenic, volcanic) and hydrothermal-derived deposit; moreover, the surface sediment can be further classified into metalliferous and non-metalliferous based on the metalliferous sediment index (MSI). The chemical composition of biogenic sediment (mainly biogenic calcite) was characterized by elevated contents of Ca, Ba, Rb, Sr, Th, and light rare earth elements (LREE), while volcanic sediment (mainly volcanogenic debris) was relatively enriched in Mn, Mg, Al, Si, Ni, Cr, and high field strength elements (HFSEs). By contrast, the hydrothermal-derived deposit (mainly pyrite-marcasite, chalcopyrite-isocubanite, and low-temperature cherts) contained significantly higher contents of Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Mn, Co, Mo, Ag, and U. In addition, the metalliferous surface sediment contained a higher content of Cu, Mn, Fe, Co, Mo, Ba, and As. Compared with their different host (source) rock, the basalt-hosted marine sediments contained higher contents of Ti–Al–Zr–Sc–Hf and/or Mo–Ba–Ag; In contrast, the peridotite-hosted marine sediments were typically characterized by elevated concentrations of Mg–Cu–Ni–Cr and/or Co–Sn–Au. The differences in element enrichment and mineral composition between these sediment types were closely related to their sedimentary environments (e.g., near/far away from the vent sites) and inherited from their host (source) rock. Together with combinations of certain characteristic elements (such as Al–Fe–Mn and Si–Al–Mg), relict hydrothermal products, and diagnostic mineral tracers (e.g., nontronite, SiO<sub>2(bio)</sub>, olivine, serpentine, talc, sepiolite, pyroxene, zeolite, etc.), it would be more effective to differentiate the host rock of deep-sea sediments and to detect a possible hydrothermal input.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/11/2/138Southwest Indian Ridgesurface sediment and hydrothermal-derived depositmineralogy and geochemistrymetalliferous and non-metalliferousperidotite- and basalt-hosted |
| spellingShingle | Xian Chen Xiaoming Sun Zhongwei Wu Yan Wang Xiao Lin Hongjun Chen Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Deep-Sea Sediments from the Ultraslow-Spreading Southwest Indian Ridge: Implications for Hydrothermal Input and Igneous Host Rock Minerals Southwest Indian Ridge surface sediment and hydrothermal-derived deposit mineralogy and geochemistry metalliferous and non-metalliferous peridotite- and basalt-hosted |
| title | Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Deep-Sea Sediments from the Ultraslow-Spreading Southwest Indian Ridge: Implications for Hydrothermal Input and Igneous Host Rock |
| title_full | Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Deep-Sea Sediments from the Ultraslow-Spreading Southwest Indian Ridge: Implications for Hydrothermal Input and Igneous Host Rock |
| title_fullStr | Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Deep-Sea Sediments from the Ultraslow-Spreading Southwest Indian Ridge: Implications for Hydrothermal Input and Igneous Host Rock |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Deep-Sea Sediments from the Ultraslow-Spreading Southwest Indian Ridge: Implications for Hydrothermal Input and Igneous Host Rock |
| title_short | Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Deep-Sea Sediments from the Ultraslow-Spreading Southwest Indian Ridge: Implications for Hydrothermal Input and Igneous Host Rock |
| title_sort | mineralogy and geochemistry of deep sea sediments from the ultraslow spreading southwest indian ridge implications for hydrothermal input and igneous host rock |
| topic | Southwest Indian Ridge surface sediment and hydrothermal-derived deposit mineralogy and geochemistry metalliferous and non-metalliferous peridotite- and basalt-hosted |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/11/2/138 |
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