Inhibition effect of cashew stem bark extract (Anacardium Occidentale L.) on biofilm formation of Streptococcus sanguinis
<p><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Background: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: no...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Universitas Airlangga
2012-12-01
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| Series: | Dental Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://e-journal.unair.ac.id/index.php/MKG/article/view/808 |
| _version_ | 1818998884042539008 |
|---|---|
| author | Rizni Amaliah Sri larnani Ivan Arie Wahyudi |
| author_facet | Rizni Amaliah Sri larnani Ivan Arie Wahyudi |
| author_sort | Rizni Amaliah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Background: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Biofilm is communities of microorganisms attached to solid surface and enclosed in extracellular matrix that </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>protected microorganisms from antibacterial agents and host defense. One of bacteria might have a role in initial colonization of biofilm </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>formation is Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis). Previous studies showed that cashew stem bark extract (Anacardium occidentale </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>L.) can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus strains. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Purpose: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>The purpose of this study was to determine the inhibition effect of cashew </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>(Anacardium occidentale L.) stem bark ethanol extract on biofilm formation of S. sanguinis. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Methods: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Streptococcus sanguinis grown </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) + 2% sucrose medium by using microplate polystyrene 96 wells. The samples were divided into 3 groups, </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>5% polyethyleneglycol (PEG) as negative control, cashew stem bark extract (concentration 3.125 mg/ml, 6.25 mg/ml, 9.375 mg/ml, </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>and 12.5 mg/ml), and 0.12% chlorhexidine (as positive control). Biofilm was stained by 1% crystal violet. Afterwards, optical density </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>(OD) of samples were measured by microplate reader </em><span style="font-family: SymbolMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">λ <span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>595 nm. The data of biofilm formation inhibition percentage were analyzed by </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>one way ANOVA and then continued by Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Results: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>The result of one way ANOVA showed that </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>there were significant differences in inhibition of S. sanguinis biofilm formation (p<0.05). LSD test showed that concentration extract </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>3.125 mg/ml had significant difference with concentration 9.375 mg/ml and 12.5 mg/ml. Reciprocally, concentration 6.25 mg/ml had </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>significant difference with concentration 9.375 mg/ml and 12.5 mg/ml. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Conclusion: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Cashew stem bark extract was able to inhibit </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>biofilm formation of S. sanguinis.</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: SymbolMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Latar belakang: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Biofilm merupakan sekumpulan mikroorganisme yang melekat pada permukaan solid dan diselubungi oleh matriks </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>ekstraseluler yang melindungi mikroorganisme dari bahan-bahan antibakteri dan sel-sel pertahanan tubuh. Salah satu bakteri yang </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>berperan pada awal pembentukan biofilm adalah Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis). Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>ekstrak kulit batang jambu mete (Anacardium occidentale L.) dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri strain Streptococcus. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Tujuan: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak etanol kulit batang jambu mete (Anacardium occidentale L.) terhadap </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>pembentukan biofilm S. sanguinis. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Metode: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Media pertumbuhan S. sanguinis menggunakan Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) + 2% sukrosa </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>yang ditumbuhkan pada microplate polystyrene 96 wells. Kelompok perlakuan dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok yaitu PEG 5% (kontrol </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>negatif), ekstrak kulit batang jambu mete (konsentrasi 3,125 mg/ml, 6,25 mg/ml, 9,375 mg/ml, dan 12,5 mg/ml), dan klorheksidin 0,12% </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>(kontrol positif). Biofilm yang terbentuk diwarnai dengan crystal violet 1%. Kemudian optical density (OD) sampel diukur menggunakan </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>microplate reader </em><span style="font-family: SymbolMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">λ <span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>595 nm. Data berupa persentase penghambatan pembentukan biofilm dianalisis menggunakan uji one way ANOVA </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Least Significant Difference (LSD). </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Hasil: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Uji one way ANOVA menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan daya </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>hambat pembentukan biofilm S. sanguinis yang signifikan (p<0,05). Hasil uji LSD menunjukkan konsentrasi 3,125 mg/ml memiliki </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>perbedaan yang signifikan dengan konsentrasi 9,375 mg/ml dan konsentrasi 12,5 mg/ml. Begitu juga dengan konsentrasi 6,25 mg/ml</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan dengan konsentrasi 9,375 mg/ml dan konsentrasi 12,5 mg/ml. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Kesimpulan: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Ekstrak kulit batang </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>jambu mete dapat menghambat pembentukan biofilm S. sanguinis.</em></span></span></span></span><br /></em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T22:08:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7da28aeedbea4ebd96bbba6f680be902 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1978-3728 2442-9740 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T22:08:37Z |
| publishDate | 2012-12-01 |
| publisher | Universitas Airlangga |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Dental Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-7da28aeedbea4ebd96bbba6f680be9022022-12-21T19:25:12ZengUniversitas AirlanggaDental Journal1978-37282442-97402012-12-0145421221610.20473/j.djmkg.v45.i4.p212-216652Inhibition effect of cashew stem bark extract (Anacardium Occidentale L.) on biofilm formation of Streptococcus sanguinisRizni Amaliah0Sri larnani1Ivan Arie Wahyudi2Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah MadaDepartment of Dental Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah MadaDepartment of Dental Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada<p><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Background: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Biofilm is communities of microorganisms attached to solid surface and enclosed in extracellular matrix that </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>protected microorganisms from antibacterial agents and host defense. One of bacteria might have a role in initial colonization of biofilm </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>formation is Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis). Previous studies showed that cashew stem bark extract (Anacardium occidentale </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>L.) can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus strains. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Purpose: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>The purpose of this study was to determine the inhibition effect of cashew </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>(Anacardium occidentale L.) stem bark ethanol extract on biofilm formation of S. sanguinis. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Methods: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Streptococcus sanguinis grown </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) + 2% sucrose medium by using microplate polystyrene 96 wells. The samples were divided into 3 groups, </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>5% polyethyleneglycol (PEG) as negative control, cashew stem bark extract (concentration 3.125 mg/ml, 6.25 mg/ml, 9.375 mg/ml, </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>and 12.5 mg/ml), and 0.12% chlorhexidine (as positive control). Biofilm was stained by 1% crystal violet. Afterwards, optical density </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>(OD) of samples were measured by microplate reader </em><span style="font-family: SymbolMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">λ <span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>595 nm. The data of biofilm formation inhibition percentage were analyzed by </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>one way ANOVA and then continued by Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Results: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>The result of one way ANOVA showed that </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>there were significant differences in inhibition of S. sanguinis biofilm formation (p<0.05). LSD test showed that concentration extract </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>3.125 mg/ml had significant difference with concentration 9.375 mg/ml and 12.5 mg/ml. Reciprocally, concentration 6.25 mg/ml had </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>significant difference with concentration 9.375 mg/ml and 12.5 mg/ml. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Conclusion: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Cashew stem bark extract was able to inhibit </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>biofilm formation of S. sanguinis.</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: SymbolMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Latar belakang: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Biofilm merupakan sekumpulan mikroorganisme yang melekat pada permukaan solid dan diselubungi oleh matriks </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>ekstraseluler yang melindungi mikroorganisme dari bahan-bahan antibakteri dan sel-sel pertahanan tubuh. Salah satu bakteri yang </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>berperan pada awal pembentukan biofilm adalah Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis). Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>ekstrak kulit batang jambu mete (Anacardium occidentale L.) dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri strain Streptococcus. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Tujuan: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak etanol kulit batang jambu mete (Anacardium occidentale L.) terhadap </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>pembentukan biofilm S. sanguinis. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Metode: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Media pertumbuhan S. sanguinis menggunakan Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) + 2% sukrosa </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>yang ditumbuhkan pada microplate polystyrene 96 wells. Kelompok perlakuan dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok yaitu PEG 5% (kontrol </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>negatif), ekstrak kulit batang jambu mete (konsentrasi 3,125 mg/ml, 6,25 mg/ml, 9,375 mg/ml, dan 12,5 mg/ml), dan klorheksidin 0,12% </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>(kontrol positif). Biofilm yang terbentuk diwarnai dengan crystal violet 1%. Kemudian optical density (OD) sampel diukur menggunakan </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>microplate reader </em><span style="font-family: SymbolMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">λ <span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>595 nm. Data berupa persentase penghambatan pembentukan biofilm dianalisis menggunakan uji one way ANOVA </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Least Significant Difference (LSD). </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Hasil: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Uji one way ANOVA menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan daya </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>hambat pembentukan biofilm S. sanguinis yang signifikan (p<0,05). Hasil uji LSD menunjukkan konsentrasi 3,125 mg/ml memiliki </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>perbedaan yang signifikan dengan konsentrasi 9,375 mg/ml dan konsentrasi 12,5 mg/ml. Begitu juga dengan konsentrasi 6,25 mg/ml</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan dengan konsentrasi 9,375 mg/ml dan konsentrasi 12,5 mg/ml. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Kesimpulan: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Ekstrak kulit batang </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>jambu mete dapat menghambat pembentukan biofilm S. sanguinis.</em></span></span></span></span><br /></em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>http://e-journal.unair.ac.id/index.php/MKG/article/view/808Inhibition of biofilm formationStreptococcus sanguiniscashew stem barkDaya hambat pembentukan biofilmStreptococcus sanguiniskulit batang jambu mete |
| spellingShingle | Rizni Amaliah Sri larnani Ivan Arie Wahyudi Inhibition effect of cashew stem bark extract (Anacardium Occidentale L.) on biofilm formation of Streptococcus sanguinis Dental Journal Inhibition of biofilm formation Streptococcus sanguinis cashew stem bark Daya hambat pembentukan biofilm Streptococcus sanguinis kulit batang jambu mete |
| title | Inhibition effect of cashew stem bark extract (Anacardium Occidentale L.) on biofilm formation of Streptococcus sanguinis |
| title_full | Inhibition effect of cashew stem bark extract (Anacardium Occidentale L.) on biofilm formation of Streptococcus sanguinis |
| title_fullStr | Inhibition effect of cashew stem bark extract (Anacardium Occidentale L.) on biofilm formation of Streptococcus sanguinis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inhibition effect of cashew stem bark extract (Anacardium Occidentale L.) on biofilm formation of Streptococcus sanguinis |
| title_short | Inhibition effect of cashew stem bark extract (Anacardium Occidentale L.) on biofilm formation of Streptococcus sanguinis |
| title_sort | inhibition effect of cashew stem bark extract anacardium occidentale l on biofilm formation of streptococcus sanguinis |
| topic | Inhibition of biofilm formation Streptococcus sanguinis cashew stem bark Daya hambat pembentukan biofilm Streptococcus sanguinis kulit batang jambu mete |
| url | http://e-journal.unair.ac.id/index.php/MKG/article/view/808 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rizniamaliah inhibitioneffectofcashewstembarkextractanacardiumoccidentalelonbiofilmformationofstreptococcussanguinis AT srilarnani inhibitioneffectofcashewstembarkextractanacardiumoccidentalelonbiofilmformationofstreptococcussanguinis AT ivanariewahyudi inhibitioneffectofcashewstembarkextractanacardiumoccidentalelonbiofilmformationofstreptococcussanguinis |