Dietary macronutrient composition impacts gene regulation in adipose tissue
Abstract Diet is a key lifestyle component that influences metabolic health through several factors, including total energy intake and macronutrient composition. While the impact of caloric intake on gene expression and physiological phenomena in various tissues is well described, the influence of d...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Communications Biology |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-05876-5 |
| _version_ | 1797273603229614080 |
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| author | Kathryn M. Farris Alistair M. Senior Débora R. Sobreira Robert M. Mitchell Zachary T. Weber Lars R. Ingerslev Romain Barrès Stephen J. Simpson Angela J. Crean Marcelo A. Nobrega |
| author_facet | Kathryn M. Farris Alistair M. Senior Débora R. Sobreira Robert M. Mitchell Zachary T. Weber Lars R. Ingerslev Romain Barrès Stephen J. Simpson Angela J. Crean Marcelo A. Nobrega |
| author_sort | Kathryn M. Farris |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Diet is a key lifestyle component that influences metabolic health through several factors, including total energy intake and macronutrient composition. While the impact of caloric intake on gene expression and physiological phenomena in various tissues is well described, the influence of dietary macronutrient composition on these parameters is less well studied. Here, we use the Nutritional Geometry framework to investigate the role of macronutrient composition on metabolic function and gene regulation in adipose tissue. Using ten isocaloric diets that vary systematically in their proportion of energy from fat, protein, and carbohydrates, we find that gene expression and splicing are highly responsive to macronutrient composition, with distinct sets of genes regulated by different macronutrient interactions. Specifically, the expression of many genes associated with Bardet-Biedl syndrome is responsive to dietary fat content. Splicing and expression changes occur in largely separate gene sets, highlighting distinct mechanisms by which dietary composition influences the transcriptome and emphasizing the importance of considering splicing changes to more fully capture the gene regulation response to environmental changes such as diet. Our study provides insight into the gene regulation plasticity of adipose tissue in response to macronutrient composition, beyond the already well-characterized response to caloric intake. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T14:45:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7dbebc4349a940b19cdb5cc883a0451e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2399-3642 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T14:45:46Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Communications Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-7dbebc4349a940b19cdb5cc883a0451e2024-03-05T19:59:22ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Biology2399-36422024-02-017111310.1038/s42003-024-05876-5Dietary macronutrient composition impacts gene regulation in adipose tissueKathryn M. Farris0Alistair M. Senior1Débora R. Sobreira2Robert M. Mitchell3Zachary T. Weber4Lars R. Ingerslev5Romain Barrès6Stephen J. Simpson7Angela J. Crean8Marcelo A. Nobrega9Department of Human Genetics, University of ChicagoCharles Perkins Centre, The University of SydneyDepartment of Human Genetics, University of ChicagoDepartment of Human Genetics, University of ChicagoDepartment of Human Genetics, University of ChicagoNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of CopenhagenNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of CopenhagenCharles Perkins Centre, The University of SydneyCharles Perkins Centre, The University of SydneyDepartment of Human Genetics, University of ChicagoAbstract Diet is a key lifestyle component that influences metabolic health through several factors, including total energy intake and macronutrient composition. While the impact of caloric intake on gene expression and physiological phenomena in various tissues is well described, the influence of dietary macronutrient composition on these parameters is less well studied. Here, we use the Nutritional Geometry framework to investigate the role of macronutrient composition on metabolic function and gene regulation in adipose tissue. Using ten isocaloric diets that vary systematically in their proportion of energy from fat, protein, and carbohydrates, we find that gene expression and splicing are highly responsive to macronutrient composition, with distinct sets of genes regulated by different macronutrient interactions. Specifically, the expression of many genes associated with Bardet-Biedl syndrome is responsive to dietary fat content. Splicing and expression changes occur in largely separate gene sets, highlighting distinct mechanisms by which dietary composition influences the transcriptome and emphasizing the importance of considering splicing changes to more fully capture the gene regulation response to environmental changes such as diet. Our study provides insight into the gene regulation plasticity of adipose tissue in response to macronutrient composition, beyond the already well-characterized response to caloric intake.https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-05876-5 |
| spellingShingle | Kathryn M. Farris Alistair M. Senior Débora R. Sobreira Robert M. Mitchell Zachary T. Weber Lars R. Ingerslev Romain Barrès Stephen J. Simpson Angela J. Crean Marcelo A. Nobrega Dietary macronutrient composition impacts gene regulation in adipose tissue Communications Biology |
| title | Dietary macronutrient composition impacts gene regulation in adipose tissue |
| title_full | Dietary macronutrient composition impacts gene regulation in adipose tissue |
| title_fullStr | Dietary macronutrient composition impacts gene regulation in adipose tissue |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dietary macronutrient composition impacts gene regulation in adipose tissue |
| title_short | Dietary macronutrient composition impacts gene regulation in adipose tissue |
| title_sort | dietary macronutrient composition impacts gene regulation in adipose tissue |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-05876-5 |
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