Recent advances in genetic systems in obligate intracellular human-pathogenic bacteria
The ability to genetically manipulate a pathogen is fundamental to discovering factors governing host–pathogen interactions at the molecular level and is critical for devising treatment and prevention strategies. While the genetic “toolbox” for many important bacterial pathogens is extensive, approa...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1202245/full |
| _version_ | 1827922425854033920 |
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| author | Derek J. Fisher Paul A. Beare |
| author_facet | Derek J. Fisher Paul A. Beare |
| author_sort | Derek J. Fisher |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The ability to genetically manipulate a pathogen is fundamental to discovering factors governing host–pathogen interactions at the molecular level and is critical for devising treatment and prevention strategies. While the genetic “toolbox” for many important bacterial pathogens is extensive, approaches for modifying obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens were classically limited due in part to the uniqueness of their obligatory lifestyles. Many researchers have confronted these challenges over the past two and a half decades leading to the development of multiple approaches to construct plasmid-bearing recombinant strains and chromosomal gene inactivation and deletion mutants, along with gene-silencing methods enabling the study of essential genes. This review will highlight seminal genetic achievements and recent developments (past 5 years) for Anaplasma spp., Rickettsia spp., Chlamydia spp., and Coxiella burnetii including progress being made for the still intractable Orientia tsutsugamushi. Alongside commentary of the strengths and weaknesses of the various approaches, future research directions will be discussed to include methods for C. burnetii that should have utility in the other obligate intracellular bacteria. Collectively, the future appears bright for unraveling the molecular pathogenic mechanisms of these significant pathogens. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T04:42:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7dc63fa1b75e48fc84d3648092969bf1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2235-2988 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T04:42:26Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-7dc63fa1b75e48fc84d3648092969bf12023-06-19T05:27:48ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882023-06-011310.3389/fcimb.2023.12022451202245Recent advances in genetic systems in obligate intracellular human-pathogenic bacteriaDerek J. Fisher0Paul A. Beare1School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, United StatesRocky Mountain Laboratory, National Institute of Health, Hamilton, MT, United StatesThe ability to genetically manipulate a pathogen is fundamental to discovering factors governing host–pathogen interactions at the molecular level and is critical for devising treatment and prevention strategies. While the genetic “toolbox” for many important bacterial pathogens is extensive, approaches for modifying obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens were classically limited due in part to the uniqueness of their obligatory lifestyles. Many researchers have confronted these challenges over the past two and a half decades leading to the development of multiple approaches to construct plasmid-bearing recombinant strains and chromosomal gene inactivation and deletion mutants, along with gene-silencing methods enabling the study of essential genes. This review will highlight seminal genetic achievements and recent developments (past 5 years) for Anaplasma spp., Rickettsia spp., Chlamydia spp., and Coxiella burnetii including progress being made for the still intractable Orientia tsutsugamushi. Alongside commentary of the strengths and weaknesses of the various approaches, future research directions will be discussed to include methods for C. burnetii that should have utility in the other obligate intracellular bacteria. Collectively, the future appears bright for unraveling the molecular pathogenic mechanisms of these significant pathogens.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1202245/fullChlamydiaCoxiellaRickettsiaAnaplasmaEhrlichiaOrientia |
| spellingShingle | Derek J. Fisher Paul A. Beare Recent advances in genetic systems in obligate intracellular human-pathogenic bacteria Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology Chlamydia Coxiella Rickettsia Anaplasma Ehrlichia Orientia |
| title | Recent advances in genetic systems in obligate intracellular human-pathogenic bacteria |
| title_full | Recent advances in genetic systems in obligate intracellular human-pathogenic bacteria |
| title_fullStr | Recent advances in genetic systems in obligate intracellular human-pathogenic bacteria |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recent advances in genetic systems in obligate intracellular human-pathogenic bacteria |
| title_short | Recent advances in genetic systems in obligate intracellular human-pathogenic bacteria |
| title_sort | recent advances in genetic systems in obligate intracellular human pathogenic bacteria |
| topic | Chlamydia Coxiella Rickettsia Anaplasma Ehrlichia Orientia |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1202245/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT derekjfisher recentadvancesingeneticsystemsinobligateintracellularhumanpathogenicbacteria AT paulabeare recentadvancesingeneticsystemsinobligateintracellularhumanpathogenicbacteria |