Dysregulated Exosomes Result in Suppression of the Immune Response of Pregnant COVID-19 Convalescent Women
A successful pregnancy outcome is dependent on a delicate balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes throughout the different trimesters. Interruption in this balance can lead to an adverse outcome resulting in pregnancy loss. Since late 2019, the emergence of the new SARS-CoV-2 vi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2022.869192/full |
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| author | Hang Cao Nor Haslinda Abd Aziz Janet Raja Xavier Mohamad Nasir Shafiee Aida Kalok Babban Jee Madhuri S. Salker Yogesh Singh Yogesh Singh Yogesh Singh |
| author_facet | Hang Cao Nor Haslinda Abd Aziz Janet Raja Xavier Mohamad Nasir Shafiee Aida Kalok Babban Jee Madhuri S. Salker Yogesh Singh Yogesh Singh Yogesh Singh |
| author_sort | Hang Cao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A successful pregnancy outcome is dependent on a delicate balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes throughout the different trimesters. Interruption in this balance can lead to an adverse outcome resulting in pregnancy loss. Since late 2019, the emergence of the new SARS-CoV-2 virus has affected lives worldwide, including pregnant women; therefore, there is an urgent need to address different approaches in relation to prevention, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Early pregnancy is affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection leading to fetal demise. Available evidence also suggests that 90% of pregnant women infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus seem to be asymptomatic. Nonetheless, it is still unclear how COVID-19 affects exosome production in pregnant women recovered from COVID-19 and how these exosomes regulate the adaptive immune response. In this study, we found several exosomes including CD9, CD31, CD40, CD45, CD41b, CD42a, CD62P, CD69, CD81, CD105, and HLA-DRDPDQ in the plasma of COVID-19-recovered pregnant women were significantly less abundant than the control group. Furthermore, to understand how these exosomes affect the adaptive immune response, we co-cultured the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy control (HC) pregnant women with exosomes of either Preg-HC or Preg-recovered COVID-19 women. We identified that Preg-recovered COVID-19 women have reduced capacity for the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α from cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. In summary, our study highlights that pregnant recovered COVID-19 women have reduced production of several exosomes and possess fewer immunogenic properties. Our study implicates that exosomes can control inflammation and antigen presentation capacity of immune cells, thus limiting the infection in pregnant women. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T03:31:25Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-889X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T03:31:25Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-7dda3f44eafe4da08bfd5c164c3a897b2022-12-22T00:39:54ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences2296-889X2022-05-01910.3389/fmolb.2022.869192869192Dysregulated Exosomes Result in Suppression of the Immune Response of Pregnant COVID-19 Convalescent WomenHang Cao0Nor Haslinda Abd Aziz1Janet Raja Xavier2Mohamad Nasir Shafiee3Aida Kalok4Babban Jee5Madhuri S. Salker6Yogesh Singh7Yogesh Singh8Yogesh Singh9Department of Women’s Health, Research Institute for Women’s Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, GermanyDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaDepartment of Women’s Health, Research Institute for Women’s Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, GermanyDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaDepartment of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, IndiaDepartment of Women’s Health, Research Institute for Women’s Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, GermanyDepartment of Women’s Health, Research Institute for Women’s Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, GermanyInstitute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, GermanyNGS Competence Centre Tübingen (NCCT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, GermanyA successful pregnancy outcome is dependent on a delicate balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes throughout the different trimesters. Interruption in this balance can lead to an adverse outcome resulting in pregnancy loss. Since late 2019, the emergence of the new SARS-CoV-2 virus has affected lives worldwide, including pregnant women; therefore, there is an urgent need to address different approaches in relation to prevention, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Early pregnancy is affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection leading to fetal demise. Available evidence also suggests that 90% of pregnant women infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus seem to be asymptomatic. Nonetheless, it is still unclear how COVID-19 affects exosome production in pregnant women recovered from COVID-19 and how these exosomes regulate the adaptive immune response. In this study, we found several exosomes including CD9, CD31, CD40, CD45, CD41b, CD42a, CD62P, CD69, CD81, CD105, and HLA-DRDPDQ in the plasma of COVID-19-recovered pregnant women were significantly less abundant than the control group. Furthermore, to understand how these exosomes affect the adaptive immune response, we co-cultured the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy control (HC) pregnant women with exosomes of either Preg-HC or Preg-recovered COVID-19 women. We identified that Preg-recovered COVID-19 women have reduced capacity for the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α from cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. In summary, our study highlights that pregnant recovered COVID-19 women have reduced production of several exosomes and possess fewer immunogenic properties. Our study implicates that exosomes can control inflammation and antigen presentation capacity of immune cells, thus limiting the infection in pregnant women.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2022.869192/fullpregnancyCOVID-19exosomesinflammationPBMC |
| spellingShingle | Hang Cao Nor Haslinda Abd Aziz Janet Raja Xavier Mohamad Nasir Shafiee Aida Kalok Babban Jee Madhuri S. Salker Yogesh Singh Yogesh Singh Yogesh Singh Dysregulated Exosomes Result in Suppression of the Immune Response of Pregnant COVID-19 Convalescent Women Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences pregnancy COVID-19 exosomes inflammation PBMC |
| title | Dysregulated Exosomes Result in Suppression of the Immune Response of Pregnant COVID-19 Convalescent Women |
| title_full | Dysregulated Exosomes Result in Suppression of the Immune Response of Pregnant COVID-19 Convalescent Women |
| title_fullStr | Dysregulated Exosomes Result in Suppression of the Immune Response of Pregnant COVID-19 Convalescent Women |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dysregulated Exosomes Result in Suppression of the Immune Response of Pregnant COVID-19 Convalescent Women |
| title_short | Dysregulated Exosomes Result in Suppression of the Immune Response of Pregnant COVID-19 Convalescent Women |
| title_sort | dysregulated exosomes result in suppression of the immune response of pregnant covid 19 convalescent women |
| topic | pregnancy COVID-19 exosomes inflammation PBMC |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2022.869192/full |
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