The contribution of lower-limb joint quasi-stiffness to theoretical leg stiffness during level, uphill and downhill running at different speeds
Humans change joint quasi-stiffness (k joint ) and leg stiffness (kleg) when running at different speeds on level ground and during uphill and downhill running. These mechanical properties can inform device designs for running such as footwear, exoskeletons and prostheses. We measured kinetics and k...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
The Royal Society
2024-04-01
|
| Series: | Royal Society Open Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.231133 |
| _version_ | 1797202822829178880 |
|---|---|
| author | Caelyn E. Hirschman Jana R. Montgomery Alena M. Grabowski |
| author_facet | Caelyn E. Hirschman Jana R. Montgomery Alena M. Grabowski |
| author_sort | Caelyn E. Hirschman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Humans change joint quasi-stiffness (k joint ) and leg stiffness (kleg) when running at different speeds on level ground and during uphill and downhill running. These mechanical properties can inform device designs for running such as footwear, exoskeletons and prostheses. We measured kinetics and kinematics from 17 runners (10 M; 7 F) at three speeds on 0°, ±2°, ±4° and ±6° slopes. We calculated ankle and knee k joint , the quotient of change in joint moment and angular displacement, and theoretical leg stiffness (klegT) based on the joint external moment arms and k joint . Runners increased k ankle at faster speeds (p < 0.01). Runners increased and decreased the ankle and knee contributions to klegT, respectively, by 2.89% per 1° steeper uphill slope (p < 0.01) during the first half of stance. Runners decreased and increased ankle and knee joint contributions to klegT, respectively, by 3.68% during the first half and 0.86% during the second half of stance per 1° steeper downhill slope (p < 0.01). Thus, biomimetic devices require stiffer k ankle for faster speeds, and greater ankle contributions and greater knee contributions to klegT during the first half of stance for steeper uphill and downhill slopes, respectively. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T08:09:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7ddaddfc043d47d6a099a604d4e66dba |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2054-5703 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T08:09:33Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | The Royal Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Royal Society Open Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-7ddaddfc043d47d6a099a604d4e66dba2024-04-17T07:05:53ZengThe Royal SocietyRoyal Society Open Science2054-57032024-04-0111410.1098/rsos.231133The contribution of lower-limb joint quasi-stiffness to theoretical leg stiffness during level, uphill and downhill running at different speedsCaelyn E. Hirschman0Jana R. Montgomery1Alena M. Grabowski2Applied Biomechanics Lab, University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, CO, USAApplied Biomechanics Lab, University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, CO, USAApplied Biomechanics Lab, University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, CO, USAHumans change joint quasi-stiffness (k joint ) and leg stiffness (kleg) when running at different speeds on level ground and during uphill and downhill running. These mechanical properties can inform device designs for running such as footwear, exoskeletons and prostheses. We measured kinetics and kinematics from 17 runners (10 M; 7 F) at three speeds on 0°, ±2°, ±4° and ±6° slopes. We calculated ankle and knee k joint , the quotient of change in joint moment and angular displacement, and theoretical leg stiffness (klegT) based on the joint external moment arms and k joint . Runners increased k ankle at faster speeds (p < 0.01). Runners increased and decreased the ankle and knee contributions to klegT, respectively, by 2.89% per 1° steeper uphill slope (p < 0.01) during the first half of stance. Runners decreased and increased ankle and knee joint contributions to klegT, respectively, by 3.68% during the first half and 0.86% during the second half of stance per 1° steeper downhill slope (p < 0.01). Thus, biomimetic devices require stiffer k ankle for faster speeds, and greater ankle contributions and greater knee contributions to klegT during the first half of stance for steeper uphill and downhill slopes, respectively.https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.231133sloped runningspring–mass modelbiomimetic device designbiomechanics |
| spellingShingle | Caelyn E. Hirschman Jana R. Montgomery Alena M. Grabowski The contribution of lower-limb joint quasi-stiffness to theoretical leg stiffness during level, uphill and downhill running at different speeds Royal Society Open Science sloped running spring–mass model biomimetic device design biomechanics |
| title | The contribution of lower-limb joint quasi-stiffness to theoretical leg stiffness during level, uphill and downhill running at different speeds |
| title_full | The contribution of lower-limb joint quasi-stiffness to theoretical leg stiffness during level, uphill and downhill running at different speeds |
| title_fullStr | The contribution of lower-limb joint quasi-stiffness to theoretical leg stiffness during level, uphill and downhill running at different speeds |
| title_full_unstemmed | The contribution of lower-limb joint quasi-stiffness to theoretical leg stiffness during level, uphill and downhill running at different speeds |
| title_short | The contribution of lower-limb joint quasi-stiffness to theoretical leg stiffness during level, uphill and downhill running at different speeds |
| title_sort | contribution of lower limb joint quasi stiffness to theoretical leg stiffness during level uphill and downhill running at different speeds |
| topic | sloped running spring–mass model biomimetic device design biomechanics |
| url | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.231133 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT caelynehirschman thecontributionoflowerlimbjointquasistiffnesstotheoreticallegstiffnessduringleveluphillanddownhillrunningatdifferentspeeds AT janarmontgomery thecontributionoflowerlimbjointquasistiffnesstotheoreticallegstiffnessduringleveluphillanddownhillrunningatdifferentspeeds AT alenamgrabowski thecontributionoflowerlimbjointquasistiffnesstotheoreticallegstiffnessduringleveluphillanddownhillrunningatdifferentspeeds AT caelynehirschman contributionoflowerlimbjointquasistiffnesstotheoreticallegstiffnessduringleveluphillanddownhillrunningatdifferentspeeds AT janarmontgomery contributionoflowerlimbjointquasistiffnesstotheoreticallegstiffnessduringleveluphillanddownhillrunningatdifferentspeeds AT alenamgrabowski contributionoflowerlimbjointquasistiffnesstotheoreticallegstiffnessduringleveluphillanddownhillrunningatdifferentspeeds |