Effects of SNPs in <i>AANAT</i> and <i>ASMT</i> Genes on Milk and Peripheral Blood Melatonin Concentrations in Holstein Cows (<i>Bos taurus</i>)
Aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) and acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT), the two rate-limiting enzymes for melatonin synthesis, regulate melatonin production in mammals. Through analysis of the milk melatonin level and dairy herd improvement (DHI) index, it was found that the melaton...
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/7/1196 |
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| author | Songyang Yao Yunjie Liu Xuening Liu Guoshi Liu |
| author_facet | Songyang Yao Yunjie Liu Xuening Liu Guoshi Liu |
| author_sort | Songyang Yao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) and acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT), the two rate-limiting enzymes for melatonin synthesis, regulate melatonin production in mammals. Through analysis of the milk melatonin level and dairy herd improvement (DHI) index, it was found that the melatonin concentration in milk was significantly negatively correlated with the 305 day milk yield (305M) and peak milk yield (PeakM) (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while it was significantly positively correlated with the serum melatonin concentration (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The full-length of <i>AANAT</i> and <i>ASMT</i> were sequenced and genotyped in 122 cows. Three SNPs in <i>AANAT</i> and four SNPs in <i>ASMT</i> were significantly related to MT levels in the milk and serum (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The SNPs in <i>AANAT</i> were temporarily denoted as N-SNP1 (g.55290169 T>C), N-SNP2 (g.55289357 T>C), and N-SNP3 (g.55289409 C>T). The SNPs in <i>ASMT</i> were temporarily denoted as M-SNP1 (g.158407305 G>A), M-SNP2 (g.158407477 A>G), M-SNP3 (g.158407874 G>A), and M-SNP4 (g.158415342 T>C). The M-SNP1, M-SNP2, and M-SNP3 conformed to the Hardy−Weinberg equilibrium (<i>p</i> > 0.05), while other SNPs deviated from the Hardy−Weinberg equilibrium (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The potential association of MT production and each SNP was statistically analyzed using the method of linkage disequilibrium (LD). The results showed that N-SNP2 and N-SNP3 had some degree of LD (D′ = 0.27), but M-SNP1 and M-SNP2 had a strong LD (D′ = 0.98). Thus, the DHI index could serve as a prediction of the milk MT level. The SNPs in <i>AANAT</i> and <i>ASMT</i> could be used as potential molecular markers for screening cows to produce high melatonin milk. |
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| issn | 2073-4425 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj.art-7dddc0d5414b4362b2bfe9e612da3e7c2023-12-03T15:05:57ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252022-07-01137119610.3390/genes13071196Effects of SNPs in <i>AANAT</i> and <i>ASMT</i> Genes on Milk and Peripheral Blood Melatonin Concentrations in Holstein Cows (<i>Bos taurus</i>)Songyang Yao0Yunjie Liu1Xuening Liu2Guoshi Liu3College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaAralkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) and acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT), the two rate-limiting enzymes for melatonin synthesis, regulate melatonin production in mammals. Through analysis of the milk melatonin level and dairy herd improvement (DHI) index, it was found that the melatonin concentration in milk was significantly negatively correlated with the 305 day milk yield (305M) and peak milk yield (PeakM) (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while it was significantly positively correlated with the serum melatonin concentration (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The full-length of <i>AANAT</i> and <i>ASMT</i> were sequenced and genotyped in 122 cows. Three SNPs in <i>AANAT</i> and four SNPs in <i>ASMT</i> were significantly related to MT levels in the milk and serum (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The SNPs in <i>AANAT</i> were temporarily denoted as N-SNP1 (g.55290169 T>C), N-SNP2 (g.55289357 T>C), and N-SNP3 (g.55289409 C>T). The SNPs in <i>ASMT</i> were temporarily denoted as M-SNP1 (g.158407305 G>A), M-SNP2 (g.158407477 A>G), M-SNP3 (g.158407874 G>A), and M-SNP4 (g.158415342 T>C). The M-SNP1, M-SNP2, and M-SNP3 conformed to the Hardy−Weinberg equilibrium (<i>p</i> > 0.05), while other SNPs deviated from the Hardy−Weinberg equilibrium (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The potential association of MT production and each SNP was statistically analyzed using the method of linkage disequilibrium (LD). The results showed that N-SNP2 and N-SNP3 had some degree of LD (D′ = 0.27), but M-SNP1 and M-SNP2 had a strong LD (D′ = 0.98). Thus, the DHI index could serve as a prediction of the milk MT level. The SNPs in <i>AANAT</i> and <i>ASMT</i> could be used as potential molecular markers for screening cows to produce high melatonin milk.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/7/1196Holstein cows<i>AANAT</i><i>ASMT</i>single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)melatonin milk |
| spellingShingle | Songyang Yao Yunjie Liu Xuening Liu Guoshi Liu Effects of SNPs in <i>AANAT</i> and <i>ASMT</i> Genes on Milk and Peripheral Blood Melatonin Concentrations in Holstein Cows (<i>Bos taurus</i>) Genes Holstein cows <i>AANAT</i> <i>ASMT</i> single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) melatonin milk |
| title | Effects of SNPs in <i>AANAT</i> and <i>ASMT</i> Genes on Milk and Peripheral Blood Melatonin Concentrations in Holstein Cows (<i>Bos taurus</i>) |
| title_full | Effects of SNPs in <i>AANAT</i> and <i>ASMT</i> Genes on Milk and Peripheral Blood Melatonin Concentrations in Holstein Cows (<i>Bos taurus</i>) |
| title_fullStr | Effects of SNPs in <i>AANAT</i> and <i>ASMT</i> Genes on Milk and Peripheral Blood Melatonin Concentrations in Holstein Cows (<i>Bos taurus</i>) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of SNPs in <i>AANAT</i> and <i>ASMT</i> Genes on Milk and Peripheral Blood Melatonin Concentrations in Holstein Cows (<i>Bos taurus</i>) |
| title_short | Effects of SNPs in <i>AANAT</i> and <i>ASMT</i> Genes on Milk and Peripheral Blood Melatonin Concentrations in Holstein Cows (<i>Bos taurus</i>) |
| title_sort | effects of snps in i aanat i and i asmt i genes on milk and peripheral blood melatonin concentrations in holstein cows i bos taurus i |
| topic | Holstein cows <i>AANAT</i> <i>ASMT</i> single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) melatonin milk |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/7/1196 |
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