Effects of Green Alga, <i>Chaetomorpha aerea</i> Extract on Non-Specific Immune Responses and Disease Resistance against <i>Edwardsiella tarda</i> Infection in <i>Labeo rohita</i>
The current study evaluated the effects of a methanol extract from <i>Chaetomorpha aerea</i> (a green alga) on non-specific immune responses and resistance against <i>Edwardsiella tarda</i> infection in <i>Labeo rohita</i>. Different doses of the extract (5, 50 an...
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/10/4325 |
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| author | Govindharajan Sattanathan Vairakannu Tamizhazhagan Nadeem Raza Syed Qaswar Ali Shah Muhammad Zubair Hussain Ki-Hyun Kim |
| author_facet | Govindharajan Sattanathan Vairakannu Tamizhazhagan Nadeem Raza Syed Qaswar Ali Shah Muhammad Zubair Hussain Ki-Hyun Kim |
| author_sort | Govindharajan Sattanathan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The current study evaluated the effects of a methanol extract from <i>Chaetomorpha aerea</i> (a green alga) on non-specific immune responses and resistance against <i>Edwardsiella tarda</i> infection in <i>Labeo rohita</i>. Different doses of the extract (5, 50 and 500 mg/kg of body weight) were injected into the fish intraperitoneally while a control group was injected with 0.2 mL of sterile physiological salt solution. Variations in several immunostimulatory parameters (i.e., neutrophil, serum lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, serum antiprotease, and ceruloplasmin activity), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) were assessed after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of post stimulation. <i>E. tarda</i> culture was injected into the fish after 28 days of post stimulation to induce infection to monitor fish mortality within 14 days. Interestingly, all doses of methanolic extract enhanced neutrophil, lysozyme, and myeloperoxidase activity, ROS and RNS, while a dose of 50 mg/kg was the most effective. Fish injected with this optimal dose were also protected against infection with virulent strain of <i>E. tarda</i>. The results of the study suggest that <i>C. aerea</i> extract is a potential prophylactic agent against bacterial infections in finfish. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:32:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7de02a8a9ce34590ba40d8cca63d3c6f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:32:45Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-7de02a8a9ce34590ba40d8cca63d3c6f2023-11-21T19:05:39ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-05-011110432510.3390/app11104325Effects of Green Alga, <i>Chaetomorpha aerea</i> Extract on Non-Specific Immune Responses and Disease Resistance against <i>Edwardsiella tarda</i> Infection in <i>Labeo rohita</i>Govindharajan Sattanathan0Vairakannu Tamizhazhagan1Nadeem Raza2Syed Qaswar Ali Shah3Muhammad Zubair Hussain4Ki-Hyun Kim5Department of Zoology, Sacred Heart Arts and Science College, Perani, Tindivanam Taluk, Tamilnadu 605651, IndiaDepartment of Zoology, Syed Ammal Arts and Science College, Ramanathapuram, Tamilnadu 623513, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, Emerson University, Multan 60000, PakistanDepartment of Zoology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, PakistanDepartment of Zoology, Emerson University, Multan 60000, PakistanDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, KoreaThe current study evaluated the effects of a methanol extract from <i>Chaetomorpha aerea</i> (a green alga) on non-specific immune responses and resistance against <i>Edwardsiella tarda</i> infection in <i>Labeo rohita</i>. Different doses of the extract (5, 50 and 500 mg/kg of body weight) were injected into the fish intraperitoneally while a control group was injected with 0.2 mL of sterile physiological salt solution. Variations in several immunostimulatory parameters (i.e., neutrophil, serum lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, serum antiprotease, and ceruloplasmin activity), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) were assessed after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of post stimulation. <i>E. tarda</i> culture was injected into the fish after 28 days of post stimulation to induce infection to monitor fish mortality within 14 days. Interestingly, all doses of methanolic extract enhanced neutrophil, lysozyme, and myeloperoxidase activity, ROS and RNS, while a dose of 50 mg/kg was the most effective. Fish injected with this optimal dose were also protected against infection with virulent strain of <i>E. tarda</i>. The results of the study suggest that <i>C. aerea</i> extract is a potential prophylactic agent against bacterial infections in finfish.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/10/4325methanolic extractimmunological parametersimmunostimulantaquaculturefish mortality |
| spellingShingle | Govindharajan Sattanathan Vairakannu Tamizhazhagan Nadeem Raza Syed Qaswar Ali Shah Muhammad Zubair Hussain Ki-Hyun Kim Effects of Green Alga, <i>Chaetomorpha aerea</i> Extract on Non-Specific Immune Responses and Disease Resistance against <i>Edwardsiella tarda</i> Infection in <i>Labeo rohita</i> Applied Sciences methanolic extract immunological parameters immunostimulant aquaculture fish mortality |
| title | Effects of Green Alga, <i>Chaetomorpha aerea</i> Extract on Non-Specific Immune Responses and Disease Resistance against <i>Edwardsiella tarda</i> Infection in <i>Labeo rohita</i> |
| title_full | Effects of Green Alga, <i>Chaetomorpha aerea</i> Extract on Non-Specific Immune Responses and Disease Resistance against <i>Edwardsiella tarda</i> Infection in <i>Labeo rohita</i> |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Green Alga, <i>Chaetomorpha aerea</i> Extract on Non-Specific Immune Responses and Disease Resistance against <i>Edwardsiella tarda</i> Infection in <i>Labeo rohita</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Green Alga, <i>Chaetomorpha aerea</i> Extract on Non-Specific Immune Responses and Disease Resistance against <i>Edwardsiella tarda</i> Infection in <i>Labeo rohita</i> |
| title_short | Effects of Green Alga, <i>Chaetomorpha aerea</i> Extract on Non-Specific Immune Responses and Disease Resistance against <i>Edwardsiella tarda</i> Infection in <i>Labeo rohita</i> |
| title_sort | effects of green alga i chaetomorpha aerea i extract on non specific immune responses and disease resistance against i edwardsiella tarda i infection in i labeo rohita i |
| topic | methanolic extract immunological parameters immunostimulant aquaculture fish mortality |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/10/4325 |
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