Characterization of Phenolic Compounds and Antiproliferative Effects of <i>Salvia pomifera</i> and <i>Salvia fruticosa</i> Extracts
The phenolic compounds of methanolic extracts of <i>Salvia pomifera</i> and <i>Salvia fruticosa</i> were identified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Carnosic acid and its metabolite carnosol were the most abundant terpene phenolic compounds of <i>S. fr...
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MDPI AG
2019-08-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/16/2921 |
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| author | Antonios Koutsoulas Martina Čarnecká Jiří Slanina Jaroslav Tóth Iva Slaninová |
| author_facet | Antonios Koutsoulas Martina Čarnecká Jiří Slanina Jaroslav Tóth Iva Slaninová |
| author_sort | Antonios Koutsoulas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The phenolic compounds of methanolic extracts of <i>Salvia pomifera</i> and <i>Salvia fruticosa</i> were identified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Carnosic acid and its metabolite carnosol were the most abundant terpene phenolic compounds of <i>S. fruticosa</i>, while they were completely absent in <i>S. pomifera</i>. The main terpene phenolic constituent of <i>S. pomifera</i> was 12-<i>O</i>-methylcarnosic acid and its mass/mass fragmentation pathway was explained. The detailed mechanism of carnosic acid oxidation to carnosol was suggested. The effects of <i>Salvia</i> extracts and/or carnosic acid, the main diterpene phenolic component of <i>S. fruticosa</i>, on the proliferation and cell cycle of two melanoma cell lines (A375, Mel JuSo) and human fibroblast cell line (HFF) were investigated by MTT assay, PI-exclusion assay and flow cytometry cell cycle analysis. Extract of <i>S. fruticosa</i> more efficiently than <i>S. pomifera</i> extract reduced the proliferation of the human melanoma cells. Carnosic acid showed the most significant effect. The first evidence that carnosic acid affects microtubule dynamics and arrests the cell cycle in the G2/M phase was provided. Collectively, our results demonstrate that these two <i>Salvia</i> species are plants of medicinal interest with perspective for further investigation. Carnosic acid could be the compound responsible for the biological activities of <i>S. fruticosa</i> extracts. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T09:28:48Z |
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| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T09:28:48Z |
| publishDate | 2019-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-7de58ff925a54c1a9a71abb2c560dd2a2022-12-22T01:54:26ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492019-08-012416292110.3390/molecules24162921molecules24162921Characterization of Phenolic Compounds and Antiproliferative Effects of <i>Salvia pomifera</i> and <i>Salvia fruticosa</i> ExtractsAntonios Koutsoulas0Martina Čarnecká1Jiří Slanina2Jaroslav Tóth3Iva Slaninová4Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 83232 Bratislava 3, Slovak RepublicDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Building A16, 62500 Brno, Czech RepublicDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Building A16, 62500 Brno, Czech RepublicDepartment of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 83232 Bratislava 3, Slovak RepublicDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Building A6, 62500 Brno, Czech RepublicThe phenolic compounds of methanolic extracts of <i>Salvia pomifera</i> and <i>Salvia fruticosa</i> were identified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Carnosic acid and its metabolite carnosol were the most abundant terpene phenolic compounds of <i>S. fruticosa</i>, while they were completely absent in <i>S. pomifera</i>. The main terpene phenolic constituent of <i>S. pomifera</i> was 12-<i>O</i>-methylcarnosic acid and its mass/mass fragmentation pathway was explained. The detailed mechanism of carnosic acid oxidation to carnosol was suggested. The effects of <i>Salvia</i> extracts and/or carnosic acid, the main diterpene phenolic component of <i>S. fruticosa</i>, on the proliferation and cell cycle of two melanoma cell lines (A375, Mel JuSo) and human fibroblast cell line (HFF) were investigated by MTT assay, PI-exclusion assay and flow cytometry cell cycle analysis. Extract of <i>S. fruticosa</i> more efficiently than <i>S. pomifera</i> extract reduced the proliferation of the human melanoma cells. Carnosic acid showed the most significant effect. The first evidence that carnosic acid affects microtubule dynamics and arrests the cell cycle in the G2/M phase was provided. Collectively, our results demonstrate that these two <i>Salvia</i> species are plants of medicinal interest with perspective for further investigation. Carnosic acid could be the compound responsible for the biological activities of <i>S. fruticosa</i> extracts.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/16/292112-<i>O</i>-methylcarnosic acidcancercarnosic acidcytotoxicitycell cyclemelanomamicrotubulesLC-MS<i>Salvia fruticosa</i><i>Salvia pomifera</i> |
| spellingShingle | Antonios Koutsoulas Martina Čarnecká Jiří Slanina Jaroslav Tóth Iva Slaninová Characterization of Phenolic Compounds and Antiproliferative Effects of <i>Salvia pomifera</i> and <i>Salvia fruticosa</i> Extracts Molecules 12-<i>O</i>-methylcarnosic acid cancer carnosic acid cytotoxicity cell cycle melanoma microtubules LC-MS <i>Salvia fruticosa</i> <i>Salvia pomifera</i> |
| title | Characterization of Phenolic Compounds and Antiproliferative Effects of <i>Salvia pomifera</i> and <i>Salvia fruticosa</i> Extracts |
| title_full | Characterization of Phenolic Compounds and Antiproliferative Effects of <i>Salvia pomifera</i> and <i>Salvia fruticosa</i> Extracts |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of Phenolic Compounds and Antiproliferative Effects of <i>Salvia pomifera</i> and <i>Salvia fruticosa</i> Extracts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of Phenolic Compounds and Antiproliferative Effects of <i>Salvia pomifera</i> and <i>Salvia fruticosa</i> Extracts |
| title_short | Characterization of Phenolic Compounds and Antiproliferative Effects of <i>Salvia pomifera</i> and <i>Salvia fruticosa</i> Extracts |
| title_sort | characterization of phenolic compounds and antiproliferative effects of i salvia pomifera i and i salvia fruticosa i extracts |
| topic | 12-<i>O</i>-methylcarnosic acid cancer carnosic acid cytotoxicity cell cycle melanoma microtubules LC-MS <i>Salvia fruticosa</i> <i>Salvia pomifera</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/16/2921 |
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