The Role of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) in Locoregional Therapy Outcome Prediction and Response Assessment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): The New Era of Functional Imaging Biomarkers
Reliable response criteria are critical for the evaluation of therapeutic response in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Current response assessment is mainly based on: (1) changes in size, which is at times unreliable and lag behind the result of therapy; and (2) contrast enhancement, which can be dif...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2015-11-01
|
| Series: | Diagnostics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/5/4/546 |
| _version_ | 1818039636054769664 |
|---|---|
| author | Johannes M. Ludwig Juan C. Camacho Nima Kokabi Minzhi Xing Hyun S. Kim |
| author_facet | Johannes M. Ludwig Juan C. Camacho Nima Kokabi Minzhi Xing Hyun S. Kim |
| author_sort | Johannes M. Ludwig |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Reliable response criteria are critical for the evaluation of therapeutic response in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Current response assessment is mainly based on: (1) changes in size, which is at times unreliable and lag behind the result of therapy; and (2) contrast enhancement, which can be difficult to quantify in the presence of benign post-procedural changes and in tumors presenting with a heterogeneous pattern of enhancement. Given these challenges, functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, such as diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) have been recently investigated, aiding specificity to locoregional therapy response assessment and outcome prediction. Briefly, DWI quantifies diffusion of water occurring naturally at a cellular level (Brownian movement), which is restricted in multiple neoplasms because of high cellularity. Disruption of cellular integrity secondary to therapy results in increased water diffusion across the injured membranes. This review will provide an overview of the current literature on DWI therapy response assessment and outcome prediction in HCC following treatment with locoregional therapies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T08:01:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7df031d1b14a4543b4537742142a7430 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T08:01:47Z |
| publishDate | 2015-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj.art-7df031d1b14a4543b4537742142a74302022-12-22T01:56:46ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182015-11-015454656310.3390/diagnostics5040546diagnostics5040546The Role of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) in Locoregional Therapy Outcome Prediction and Response Assessment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): The New Era of Functional Imaging BiomarkersJohannes M. Ludwig0Juan C. Camacho1Nima Kokabi2Minzhi Xing3Hyun S. Kim4Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USADivision of Interventional Radiology and Image-guided Medicine, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USADivision of Interventional Radiology and Image-guided Medicine, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USADivision of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USADivision of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USAReliable response criteria are critical for the evaluation of therapeutic response in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Current response assessment is mainly based on: (1) changes in size, which is at times unreliable and lag behind the result of therapy; and (2) contrast enhancement, which can be difficult to quantify in the presence of benign post-procedural changes and in tumors presenting with a heterogeneous pattern of enhancement. Given these challenges, functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, such as diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) have been recently investigated, aiding specificity to locoregional therapy response assessment and outcome prediction. Briefly, DWI quantifies diffusion of water occurring naturally at a cellular level (Brownian movement), which is restricted in multiple neoplasms because of high cellularity. Disruption of cellular integrity secondary to therapy results in increased water diffusion across the injured membranes. This review will provide an overview of the current literature on DWI therapy response assessment and outcome prediction in HCC following treatment with locoregional therapies.http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/5/4/546diffusion-weighted MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)hepatocellular carcinomalocoregional therapiesimaging biomarkertherapy outcome |
| spellingShingle | Johannes M. Ludwig Juan C. Camacho Nima Kokabi Minzhi Xing Hyun S. Kim The Role of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) in Locoregional Therapy Outcome Prediction and Response Assessment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): The New Era of Functional Imaging Biomarkers Diagnostics diffusion-weighted MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) hepatocellular carcinoma locoregional therapies imaging biomarker therapy outcome |
| title | The Role of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) in Locoregional Therapy Outcome Prediction and Response Assessment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): The New Era of Functional Imaging Biomarkers |
| title_full | The Role of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) in Locoregional Therapy Outcome Prediction and Response Assessment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): The New Era of Functional Imaging Biomarkers |
| title_fullStr | The Role of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) in Locoregional Therapy Outcome Prediction and Response Assessment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): The New Era of Functional Imaging Biomarkers |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) in Locoregional Therapy Outcome Prediction and Response Assessment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): The New Era of Functional Imaging Biomarkers |
| title_short | The Role of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) in Locoregional Therapy Outcome Prediction and Response Assessment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): The New Era of Functional Imaging Biomarkers |
| title_sort | role of diffusion weighted imaging dwi in locoregional therapy outcome prediction and response assessment for hepatocellular carcinoma hcc the new era of functional imaging biomarkers |
| topic | diffusion-weighted MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) hepatocellular carcinoma locoregional therapies imaging biomarker therapy outcome |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/5/4/546 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT johannesmludwig theroleofdiffusionweightedimagingdwiinlocoregionaltherapyoutcomepredictionandresponseassessmentforhepatocellularcarcinomahcctheneweraoffunctionalimagingbiomarkers AT juanccamacho theroleofdiffusionweightedimagingdwiinlocoregionaltherapyoutcomepredictionandresponseassessmentforhepatocellularcarcinomahcctheneweraoffunctionalimagingbiomarkers AT nimakokabi theroleofdiffusionweightedimagingdwiinlocoregionaltherapyoutcomepredictionandresponseassessmentforhepatocellularcarcinomahcctheneweraoffunctionalimagingbiomarkers AT minzhixing theroleofdiffusionweightedimagingdwiinlocoregionaltherapyoutcomepredictionandresponseassessmentforhepatocellularcarcinomahcctheneweraoffunctionalimagingbiomarkers AT hyunskim theroleofdiffusionweightedimagingdwiinlocoregionaltherapyoutcomepredictionandresponseassessmentforhepatocellularcarcinomahcctheneweraoffunctionalimagingbiomarkers AT johannesmludwig roleofdiffusionweightedimagingdwiinlocoregionaltherapyoutcomepredictionandresponseassessmentforhepatocellularcarcinomahcctheneweraoffunctionalimagingbiomarkers AT juanccamacho roleofdiffusionweightedimagingdwiinlocoregionaltherapyoutcomepredictionandresponseassessmentforhepatocellularcarcinomahcctheneweraoffunctionalimagingbiomarkers AT nimakokabi roleofdiffusionweightedimagingdwiinlocoregionaltherapyoutcomepredictionandresponseassessmentforhepatocellularcarcinomahcctheneweraoffunctionalimagingbiomarkers AT minzhixing roleofdiffusionweightedimagingdwiinlocoregionaltherapyoutcomepredictionandresponseassessmentforhepatocellularcarcinomahcctheneweraoffunctionalimagingbiomarkers AT hyunskim roleofdiffusionweightedimagingdwiinlocoregionaltherapyoutcomepredictionandresponseassessmentforhepatocellularcarcinomahcctheneweraoffunctionalimagingbiomarkers |