Study of Flebogrif<sup>®</sup>—A New Tool for Mechanical Sclerotherapy—Effectiveness Assessment Based on Animal Model
Sclerotherapy is the chemical occlusion of vessels using an intravenous injection of a liquid or foamed sclerosing agent that is used in the therapy of blood and lymphatic vessels malformations in the young, and for spider veins, smaller varicose veins, hemorrhoids and hydroceles in adults. This stu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/2/544 |
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| author | Zbigniew Rybak Maciej Janeczek Maciej Dobrzynski Marta Wujczyk Albert Czerski Piotr Kuropka Agnieszka Noszczyk-Nowak Maria Szymonowicz Aleksandra Sender-Janeczek Katarzyna Wiglusz Rafal J. Wiglusz |
| author_facet | Zbigniew Rybak Maciej Janeczek Maciej Dobrzynski Marta Wujczyk Albert Czerski Piotr Kuropka Agnieszka Noszczyk-Nowak Maria Szymonowicz Aleksandra Sender-Janeczek Katarzyna Wiglusz Rafal J. Wiglusz |
| author_sort | Zbigniew Rybak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sclerotherapy is the chemical occlusion of vessels using an intravenous injection of a liquid or foamed sclerosing agent that is used in the therapy of blood and lymphatic vessels malformations in the young, and for spider veins, smaller varicose veins, hemorrhoids and hydroceles in adults. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of mechanosclerotherapy of venous veins with a new device—Flebogrif<sup>®</sup>—based on an animal model. The experiment was performed on nine Polish Merino sheep weighing 40–50 kilograms. The animals were anesthetized intravenously. The material was divided into three groups: two experimental (1 and 2) and control (3) group. The first experimental group was treated with the use of Flebogrif<sup>®</sup> and a sclerosant simultaneously, while only Flebogrif<sup>®</sup> was used in the second experimental group. Flebogrif<sup>®</sup> was applied into the lateral saphenous vein of both pelvic limbs. The vessel wall thickness was estimated at four points of the histological image in mm (V1, V2, V3, V4). For one month, the animals were euthanized, and the occlusion rate of the treated veins and changes in the vein wall were determined. Histological slides were analyzed under a light microscope and histometry of the vein wall was performed. The Shapiro–Wilk test and the quantity of the investigated parameter groups allowed for using a non-parametric method at four points to compare thickness measurements (the Mann–Whitney test), with <i>p</i> < 0.05. The Mann–Whitney test indicated statistically significant differences between both experimental groups. The results obtained from morphometrical and histological analysis showed better results in the first experimental group than those of the second experimental group. Finally, statistical analysis revealed significant differences between the both the experimental group and control group in morphological analysis. The achieved results allowed us to conclude that the simultaneous use of Flebogrif<sup>®</sup> and a sclerosant yielded better results of vein lumen reduction than the use of Flebogrif<sup>®</sup> alone. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:40:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7df56219c0564d969cdc62de067198d5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:40:44Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-7df56219c0564d969cdc62de067198d52023-12-11T17:53:11ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912021-02-0111254410.3390/nano11020544Study of Flebogrif<sup>®</sup>—A New Tool for Mechanical Sclerotherapy—Effectiveness Assessment Based on Animal ModelZbigniew Rybak0Maciej Janeczek1Maciej Dobrzynski2Marta Wujczyk3Albert Czerski4Piotr Kuropka5Agnieszka Noszczyk-Nowak6Maria Szymonowicz7Aleksandra Sender-Janeczek8Katarzyna Wiglusz9Rafal J. Wiglusz10Department for Experimental Surgery and Biomaterials Research, Wroclaw Medical University, Bujwida 44, 50-345 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kozuchowska 1, 51-631 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry and Preclinical Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, PolandInstitute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, PAS, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kozuchowska 1, 51-631 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kozuchowska 1, 51-631 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 47, 50-366 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment for Experimental Surgery and Biomaterials Research, Wroclaw Medical University, Bujwida 44, 50-345 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Periodontology, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211 A, 50-566 Wroclaw, PolandInstitute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, PAS, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, PolandSclerotherapy is the chemical occlusion of vessels using an intravenous injection of a liquid or foamed sclerosing agent that is used in the therapy of blood and lymphatic vessels malformations in the young, and for spider veins, smaller varicose veins, hemorrhoids and hydroceles in adults. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of mechanosclerotherapy of venous veins with a new device—Flebogrif<sup>®</sup>—based on an animal model. The experiment was performed on nine Polish Merino sheep weighing 40–50 kilograms. The animals were anesthetized intravenously. The material was divided into three groups: two experimental (1 and 2) and control (3) group. The first experimental group was treated with the use of Flebogrif<sup>®</sup> and a sclerosant simultaneously, while only Flebogrif<sup>®</sup> was used in the second experimental group. Flebogrif<sup>®</sup> was applied into the lateral saphenous vein of both pelvic limbs. The vessel wall thickness was estimated at four points of the histological image in mm (V1, V2, V3, V4). For one month, the animals were euthanized, and the occlusion rate of the treated veins and changes in the vein wall were determined. Histological slides were analyzed under a light microscope and histometry of the vein wall was performed. The Shapiro–Wilk test and the quantity of the investigated parameter groups allowed for using a non-parametric method at four points to compare thickness measurements (the Mann–Whitney test), with <i>p</i> < 0.05. The Mann–Whitney test indicated statistically significant differences between both experimental groups. The results obtained from morphometrical and histological analysis showed better results in the first experimental group than those of the second experimental group. Finally, statistical analysis revealed significant differences between the both the experimental group and control group in morphological analysis. The achieved results allowed us to conclude that the simultaneous use of Flebogrif<sup>®</sup> and a sclerosant yielded better results of vein lumen reduction than the use of Flebogrif<sup>®</sup> alone.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/2/544mechanochemical ablationFlebogrif<sup>®</sup>endovenous procedureanimal modelexperimental surgery |
| spellingShingle | Zbigniew Rybak Maciej Janeczek Maciej Dobrzynski Marta Wujczyk Albert Czerski Piotr Kuropka Agnieszka Noszczyk-Nowak Maria Szymonowicz Aleksandra Sender-Janeczek Katarzyna Wiglusz Rafal J. Wiglusz Study of Flebogrif<sup>®</sup>—A New Tool for Mechanical Sclerotherapy—Effectiveness Assessment Based on Animal Model Nanomaterials mechanochemical ablation Flebogrif<sup>®</sup> endovenous procedure animal model experimental surgery |
| title | Study of Flebogrif<sup>®</sup>—A New Tool for Mechanical Sclerotherapy—Effectiveness Assessment Based on Animal Model |
| title_full | Study of Flebogrif<sup>®</sup>—A New Tool for Mechanical Sclerotherapy—Effectiveness Assessment Based on Animal Model |
| title_fullStr | Study of Flebogrif<sup>®</sup>—A New Tool for Mechanical Sclerotherapy—Effectiveness Assessment Based on Animal Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study of Flebogrif<sup>®</sup>—A New Tool for Mechanical Sclerotherapy—Effectiveness Assessment Based on Animal Model |
| title_short | Study of Flebogrif<sup>®</sup>—A New Tool for Mechanical Sclerotherapy—Effectiveness Assessment Based on Animal Model |
| title_sort | study of flebogrif sup r sup a new tool for mechanical sclerotherapy effectiveness assessment based on animal model |
| topic | mechanochemical ablation Flebogrif<sup>®</sup> endovenous procedure animal model experimental surgery |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/2/544 |
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