Irreversible Electroporation: An Emerging Immunomodulatory Therapy on Solid Tumors
Irreversible electroporation (IRE), a novel non-thermal ablation technique, is utilized to ablate unresectable solid tumors and demonstrates favorable safety and efficacy in the clinic. IRE applies electric pulses to alter the cell transmembrane voltage and causes nanometer-sized membrane defects or...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.811726/full |
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| author | Nana Zhang Nana Zhang Nana Zhang Zhuoqun Li Zhuoqun Li Zhuoqun Li Xuan Han Xuan Han Xuan Han Ziyu Zhu Zhujun Li Yan Zhao Zhijun Liu Zhijun Liu Zhijun Liu Yi Lv Yi Lv Yi Lv Yi Lv |
| author_facet | Nana Zhang Nana Zhang Nana Zhang Zhuoqun Li Zhuoqun Li Zhuoqun Li Xuan Han Xuan Han Xuan Han Ziyu Zhu Zhujun Li Yan Zhao Zhijun Liu Zhijun Liu Zhijun Liu Yi Lv Yi Lv Yi Lv Yi Lv |
| author_sort | Nana Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Irreversible electroporation (IRE), a novel non-thermal ablation technique, is utilized to ablate unresectable solid tumors and demonstrates favorable safety and efficacy in the clinic. IRE applies electric pulses to alter the cell transmembrane voltage and causes nanometer-sized membrane defects or pores in the cells, which leads to loss of cell homeostasis and ultimately results in cell death. The major drawbacks of IRE are incomplete ablation and susceptibility to recurrence, which limit its clinical application. Recent studies have shown that IRE promotes the massive release of intracellular concealed tumor antigens that become an “in-situ tumor vaccine,” inducing a potential antitumor immune response to kill residual tumor cells after ablation and inhibiting local recurrence and distant metastasis. Therefore, IRE can be regarded as a potential immunomodulatory therapy, and combined with immunotherapy, it can exhibit synergistic treatment effects on malignant tumors, which provides broad application prospects for tumor treatment. This work reviewed the current status of the clinical efficacy of IRE in tumor treatment, summarized the characteristics of local and systemic immune responses induced by IRE in tumor-bearing organisms, and analyzed the specific mechanisms of the IRE-induced immune response. Moreover, we reviewed the current research progress of IRE combined with immunotherapy in the treatment of solid tumors. Based on the findings, we present deficiencies of current preclinical studies of animal models and analyze possible reasons and solutions. We also propose possible demands for clinical research. This review aimed to provide theoretical and practical guidance for the combination of IRE with immunotherapy in the treatment of malignant tumors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T20:58:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7e0644174fd24081ba4b182fe58df06c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T20:58:26Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-7e0644174fd24081ba4b182fe58df06c2022-12-22T04:03:37ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242022-01-011210.3389/fimmu.2021.811726811726Irreversible Electroporation: An Emerging Immunomodulatory Therapy on Solid TumorsNana Zhang0Nana Zhang1Nana Zhang2Zhuoqun Li3Zhuoqun Li4Zhuoqun Li5Xuan Han6Xuan Han7Xuan Han8Ziyu Zhu9Zhujun Li10Yan Zhao11Zhijun Liu12Zhijun Liu13Zhijun Liu14Yi Lv15Yi Lv16Yi Lv17Yi Lv18Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaNational Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaShaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaNational Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaShaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaNational Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaShaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaInstitute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaInstitute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaInstitute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaInstitute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaNational Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaShaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaInstitute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaNational Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaShaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaIrreversible electroporation (IRE), a novel non-thermal ablation technique, is utilized to ablate unresectable solid tumors and demonstrates favorable safety and efficacy in the clinic. IRE applies electric pulses to alter the cell transmembrane voltage and causes nanometer-sized membrane defects or pores in the cells, which leads to loss of cell homeostasis and ultimately results in cell death. The major drawbacks of IRE are incomplete ablation and susceptibility to recurrence, which limit its clinical application. Recent studies have shown that IRE promotes the massive release of intracellular concealed tumor antigens that become an “in-situ tumor vaccine,” inducing a potential antitumor immune response to kill residual tumor cells after ablation and inhibiting local recurrence and distant metastasis. Therefore, IRE can be regarded as a potential immunomodulatory therapy, and combined with immunotherapy, it can exhibit synergistic treatment effects on malignant tumors, which provides broad application prospects for tumor treatment. This work reviewed the current status of the clinical efficacy of IRE in tumor treatment, summarized the characteristics of local and systemic immune responses induced by IRE in tumor-bearing organisms, and analyzed the specific mechanisms of the IRE-induced immune response. Moreover, we reviewed the current research progress of IRE combined with immunotherapy in the treatment of solid tumors. Based on the findings, we present deficiencies of current preclinical studies of animal models and analyze possible reasons and solutions. We also propose possible demands for clinical research. This review aimed to provide theoretical and practical guidance for the combination of IRE with immunotherapy in the treatment of malignant tumors.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.811726/fullirreversible electroporationin-situ tumor vaccineimmune responseimmunotherapytumor antigenscombination therapy |
| spellingShingle | Nana Zhang Nana Zhang Nana Zhang Zhuoqun Li Zhuoqun Li Zhuoqun Li Xuan Han Xuan Han Xuan Han Ziyu Zhu Zhujun Li Yan Zhao Zhijun Liu Zhijun Liu Zhijun Liu Yi Lv Yi Lv Yi Lv Yi Lv Irreversible Electroporation: An Emerging Immunomodulatory Therapy on Solid Tumors Frontiers in Immunology irreversible electroporation in-situ tumor vaccine immune response immunotherapy tumor antigens combination therapy |
| title | Irreversible Electroporation: An Emerging Immunomodulatory Therapy on Solid Tumors |
| title_full | Irreversible Electroporation: An Emerging Immunomodulatory Therapy on Solid Tumors |
| title_fullStr | Irreversible Electroporation: An Emerging Immunomodulatory Therapy on Solid Tumors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Irreversible Electroporation: An Emerging Immunomodulatory Therapy on Solid Tumors |
| title_short | Irreversible Electroporation: An Emerging Immunomodulatory Therapy on Solid Tumors |
| title_sort | irreversible electroporation an emerging immunomodulatory therapy on solid tumors |
| topic | irreversible electroporation in-situ tumor vaccine immune response immunotherapy tumor antigens combination therapy |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.811726/full |
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